PRC Beijing Feb. 28 (Xinhua often red), 51 million, accounting for the elderly population of nearly 1 / 4, the elderly care is even more outstanding. Nation attended the meeting.
Li Liguo pointed out that 2010 is the cause of aging, Yu-Deputy Prime Minister described as
National Committee on Aging organizations were the cause of aging, The results indicate that the Gradually establish and improve the pension system, in particular, began the new rural social pension insurance and to gradually expand the scope of the pilot; social service system to accelerate pension, home care services to rural areas in the city gradually developed an extension of pension accelerate the development of institution-building; education for the aged culture, sports and rapid development, the elderly enrich cultural life; significantly improved awareness of the whole society on aging, supporting the old atmosphere of respect and care for an increasingly strong, get better protection of rights of the elderly; the field of aging research, international exchanges and cooperation made new progress.
Li Liguo said, characteristics. 2015, China's elderly population aged over 60 will reach 216 million, accounting for 16.7% of the total population, the average annual net increase of more than 800 million elderly population, more than new population; senior citizens aged over 80 will reach 24 million elderly , accounting for 11.1% of the elderly population, the average annual net increase of 100 million oldest old, growing faster than the speed of population aging in China; 65 years old empty nest elderly population will more than 51 million, accounting for the elderly population of nearly 1 / 4, the elderly people take care of the problem is more prominent. Overall, the accelerated aging of our population development, and industrialization, urbanization, accompanied by modern, urban and rural differences, regional differences, income differences overlap expansion, and economic transformation, social transformation and cultural transformation intertwined, to deal with population aging of the work added a new difficulty, but also provides a new condition.
Li Liguo that improve strategic research on aging, first find out the real, to find out the status of the elderly population, including the size of the elderly population, age structure, regional distribution, basic needs, health, living conditions, difficulties facing the basic data to predict the trend of aging, possible problems and their implications, and research on aging and the aging of the historical development, current situation and existing problems, sort out the existing policy, for the state to develop an aging population development strategy should lay a solid foundation. The second is to explore law, to study and explore the development of China's aging population the general rules and special rules, systems analysis of population aging and population growth, economic development, social development, relations, and industrialization, urbanization, the relationship between information technology, research Population aging and social security, employment, education, culture, relationship, grasp its internal relations, evolution laws for the state to develop an aging population development strategy should provide a theoretical basis. Third, clarify ideas, and comprehensive analysis of all stages of the aging population, the main problems in different areas, identify the crux of the conflict, a clear direction, clear work of ideas, formulation of national development strategies of population aging should provide basic follow.
countries should be based on support system of old age, elderly health support system for the elderly livable environment system, aging and aging services system work system; in accordance with the combination of accelerating the pension insurance system, basic medical insurance system, social assistance and old age and old age social welfare system construction; seventh session of the Fifth Plenary Session in accordance with the requirements, give priority to the development of social care service business, and gradually perfect the old-age home-based and community based services, institutions of social old-age pension for the additional service system; should be based on long-term national economic and social development planning and national population development strategy, the full use of the strategic response to population aging research results, timely start the preparation of long-term planning
Li Liguo stressed the need to coordinate the work of aging policies created. Together with relevant departments to the National Laoling Ban In the results. In the In the forms, new ways to improve the institutional mechanisms for education for the aged, to play the role of universities for the elderly to enrich course content. In the old intelligence, skills, experience and positive role. In the the activities of community-based social organization.
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Great summary of search engine optimization
The first part of the algorithm principle
pr value based on the following two general premise:
1, a page is referenced several times, then it may be very important;
Although not a page number reference, but page references are important, then it may be very important; the importance of a page is passed to it refers to the average Web page. This important pages as authoritative (authoritive) website.
2, assuming users randomly access the beginning of a collection of web pages, and then follow the link to the page browsing forward, not back here, then browse the probability of the next page is to be browsing the web pr pagerank values of the value of the factors
pr value of the expression from 0 to 10 of 11 values, in the google tool bar to a horizontal green bar graph display, 0 cases were white. It is not for the web site, so a site's home page and inside pages tend to have very different pr values. As the process of google marketing reasons, Chinese web pages than English pr value of the whole page. on Chinese web sites, with 3 pr is the foundation, 4 pr operator compliance, 5 pr can be described as good, and 6,7-level pr even very good. Of course, as pr the most direct factor is from the link, so this rating does not mean the level of standard content, the site's content quality of the pr impact is indirect, long-term. According to pr value algorithm principle, we know of a website (home page) pr value of the following main factors:
1, the quality of incoming links:
imported under the preceding link for high quality analysis, the need for high pr value from the following websites:
in the search engine category and have added the site to exchange links directory
pr value obtained from not less than 4 and subject to your related or complementary websites
your link appears in the flow of large, well-known and frequently update the important site (such as news source)
exchange links with your web site with few links to
and export high-quality content web link (pr values have increased potential)
2, the number of outgoing links:
calculated based on the principle pr, due to the importance of a page is passed to it refers to the average web page, so in turn, Look, too much of a page link to the potential export value of the loss caused by the page pr. but the content point of view, the appropriate number of topics associated with the Export link to the search engine a good impression. Thus, a page , especially the number of links to export page of the grasp, should take into account the contents of the two key words pr value and the balance between the number of links that control the export to no more than 10 is appropriate.
3, a search engine included the number of pages in the site of
seo, people too focused on core keywords and page ranking the performance of the situation, but often overlook the extremely important issue: the search engine on the number of pages a site contains. The latter in seo also has important significance. a core keyword query with a poor website ranking, possibly due to a large number of pages to be crawled using other keywords in the user query, the page for the top three rankings. because the user search Key words used in a dispersion, makes this situation is often a tremendous traffic to the site.
because of the number of pages included a direct impact on traffic, so the value of pr is great. were included page more home pr higher. but needs to be emphasized is that the number referred to here is to be included in the total number and ratio of web pages, rather than the absolute value of your page. For example, a site with 50 pages is a collection of 10 pages, the site was included in the ratio is 1 / 5, a 5,000-page site is a collection of 500 pages, the ratio is 1 / 10, the result is included in 10 pages than 500 pages of the website contains also more top edge. but all the search engines, how to be the ratio of how much good, there is no relevant data.
with: check the number of pages your site: search engine, type in: site: google-google.blog . sohu.com / (If you enter: site: tomx.com, is available under the domain name in tomx.com number of pages on all your domain name).
Part I: Domain and host of the impact of
seo domain name and host a site basis, select the domain and host business websites should focus on image and quality, especially for the network marketing lay a solid foundation to carry out. Also, choose a good domain name and host is also the first step in beginning the search engine optimization.
domain domain name selection and seo
ip: each site corresponds to a domain name ip address, ip address is assigned to each computer on the network or network device identification number. Domain name servers must be (dns) for analysis, conversion into digital ip, to let the computer understand the identification, such as: 219.136.248.149 Most sites are located in small and medium enterprises from a server by a number of virtual hosts out, from multiple sites sharing a server and ip address, a number of web servers There are hundreds of domain names share a single ip addresses. This is lower cost of owners, but the site's search engine rankings have the following potential risks:
1, shared hosting to other sites if search engine penalties, will be more or less affect on your website. If you have a website under the same ip cheat, our search engine will be the ip of all sites under the penalties. Fortunately, most search engines will not so arbitrary, like google, not normally associated of such punishment.
2, if the search engine server for some spammer to punish, the ip is considered to be spam, the joint that all sites are under ip been implicated in the decline in ranking of these sites or be removed in the search engines.
tools Recommended:
search domain name ip:
Search Keywords:
ip Reverse: (See under an ip address Share what domain name. free registration)
secondary domain name (sub domain):
the form of two domain names, such as: yourname.66778.cn, rather than
has its own independent domain name is search engine friendly website basis. There are many sites that offer free space, such as blog (blog) free space, free space enterprise, free buffet station, e-commerce platform, usually the user is assigned a secondary domain name, or a page stored in the site path next. This is extremely detrimental to the search engines value your site, two domain names in addition to user access is not convenient, it also has the following drawbacks:
1, if you are using two domain names be punished for the main domain name, you The site will also be involved;
2, will require a lot of search engines included under each domain number (eg:
, english.66778.cn and bbs.66778.cn), if
3, When the domain name provider to cease operation, your website along with the hard business to lose your domain name and go down the drain;
4. Web site traffic ranking, you will owe all of the traffic by relying on top-level domain.
second best domain name for your Web site up an independent domain name, then do domain forwarding (free), is a lot of auction sites, shops are suitable for this method of customer access and website management very useful.
domain in characters: in addition to taking the principle of domain user visits, the search engine, whether related to the domain name contains keywords problem. English content sites if the domain contains keywords, or keywords for the domain name of compound , should be separated with a hyphen. such as: www.made-in-china.com and not www.madeinchina.com. This is because search engines are usually separator - as a space to look at, so it can identify your key words, the website ranking points (although the impact is not great.) dashes separate groups after the keyword phrase can also get more search results, such as www.madeinchina.com is that only one word madeinchina, the made-in-china were made in china as a normal phrase.
some search engine directories on the website in the category rankings are based on the name of the domain name or website title in numerical order or alphabetical order and even Chinese strokes, the overall number of letters off than forward. yahoo! China, said that in the same category, the site is arranged according to alphabet order.
google pages, according to their original level of technology commonly used to distinguish the important sites, emissions in the front of the directory to improve the efficiency of Web search. In addition, the domain name suffix choice has some stress. There is a point of view: in the same circumstances, non-commercial sites on behalf of the suffix. org and. net has more than. com more ranking advantage; on Chinese web sites, said that the Chinese domain. cn and. com.cn off than non-regional. com has certain advantages.
host selection and seo
hosting provider selection:
the host of the site's search engine rankings greatly. When looking for hosting providers, do not only consider the price factor. If you have repeatedly submitted to the google site, but google has been no index of them, there may be site where the server is a problem. So when you select a server to pay special attention to the following points:
1, to avoid using the free hosting free hosting
which often occur spammers, mirror sites, doorway pages search engine spam, Many search engines are reluctant to index on the host site for free; the same time search engine directories such as yahoo is difficult to include commercial sites from free hosting. In addition, difficult to ensure that free hosting services, often the server overload, excruciatingly slow, dang machine frequently, or even shut down services, which will directly affect the site ranking.
2, select a reputable hosting provider
search engine indexing process to access the regular or irregular your site. on frequently updated Web site , google's googlebot robots known as spiders mm, generally of small magnitude to climb every day about a month for a major index. If the spiders can not open pages in the index or when the slow download speed, then give up the index. so you Site work at all times, to win the spider's favor. This will require site storage of the host system provides fast, stable and secure service, the best 24 hour customer service support and maintenance to ensure your website fast, reliable, stable operation.
host transfer:
If you want to transfer web hosting services, to cancel before the original service provider, first find a good new suppliers. first in the new service provider to open an account at to ensure that all documents are passed correctly on the new server. Web site running on the new server not affect the original and then contact your provider to inform the other party to terminate the cooperation, but to ensure that they are not immediately related to your site. again Contact your domain registrar (which may be the original host provider), change the domain name server (dns). name server function is to resolve your domain name into the computer to recognize the ip address. the old into the new domain name server, This process takes about 24-48 hours to take effect within a few cases may be 72 hours. this time, if a search engine just came for your web page, or catch the old ip address on the website, or catch the new after the effective date of the domain name resolution sites, in short, will not be a site not open the gap.
Part II: the core of search engine optimization: keyword strategy
potential customers or target customers based on the search engines Enter your site to find the statement, resulting in a keyword (keywords) concept, which is not only the core of search engine optimization, but also the entire search engine marketing must focus on the core
first determine the choice of keywords your core keywords, and then arranged around the core combination of keywords or phrases produced key phrases. of enterprises, businesses, the core keyword is their business scope, such as product / service, industry positioning, and corporate name or brand name and so on. To sum up, select the keywords have the following skills:
1, from the customer point of view of potential customers searching for your products will use what words?
This can get feedback from a number of resources , from your customers, suppliers, brand managers and sales staff there informed of its thinking.
2, will be expanded into a series of phrases keywords / phrases not single words, but on the basis of a single word expand
such as: design r r Shenzhen web site design Web site design. English Keywords can be used well-known search engine tool overture keyword suggestion tool to detect these key phrases, you can see your keywords in the search for the last 24 hours by the frequency, the most Good keywords are those who have not been widely abused many people search words. Chinese Baidu related tools can provide keywordsandbox google search and keyword matching tools and extensions.
tools Recommended:
google adwords Keyword Tool: search for a specific keyword query and the expanded matches common https: / / adwords.google.com / select / keywordsandbox
Baidu keyword tool: a common search for a specific keyword query matching and query expansion heat
Baidu yahoo google keyword index search new
3, the multiple permutations and combinations to change the word order of phrases to create different combinations of words not commonly used in combination with
, combined into one questions. contains synonyms, replace the word Metaphor and common misspelled words. contain the name and trademark to sell products name. use other qualifiers to create more word combinations, words, four-character combination.
4, not with the meaning of the keywords are too generic
If you are involved in packaging machinery manufacturing, select the machine as the core of your keywords will not help to attract target customers. In fact, in order to find the exact information needed, users tend to search for specific words and combinations to find information (in particular combination of two terms), rather than using a big, generic concept. In addition, the use of keywords too broad sense, it means that your site keep up the site more competitive position, it is difficult to win.
5, with their own If the brand is known do keyword
enterprises, then do not forget to use your keywords in the company name or product brand name.
6, using the geographic location of service is particularly important in the local business . If your business based on local, then add the region name keyword combinations such as Shenzhen construction sites.
7, review
search keywords competitors use keywords to make your competitors thought you might miss some of the phrases. but do not copy anyone's words because you do not know how they want to use these keywords to keywords on your own mm. Find someone else's keywords you have chosen the only Key words were added.
8, no nothing to do with their own keywords
will always be some vocabulary included in the popular keywords in your meta keywords mm although this popular has nothing to do with their content. Some people even to rival brands to own keywords, which not only infringement, may be sued (more than similar cases abroad), and because of these so-called popular vocabulary does not appear in the content, so there is no ranking real help, too many keywords may also be subject to penalties of false lower ranking.
9, control the number of keywords in the keyword
a maximum of not more than 3 is better, and then everything for these Expand the core keywords, keyword density to ensure reasonable. search engine also clear that the theme of the page. If you do need to show a large number of keywords, you can write in other pages scattered and targeted optimization, these pages also has a doorway page ( entry) effects. This is why the home page and inside pages of the key words often differentiated reasons. The most typical scenario is to have different products and services cases, single-page optimization for each product, not listed In a front page.
attached: View competitor keyword method: open the target in the browser page Click to view r r r click keyword density
source in determining their own keyword, you need to the appropriate page text appears these keywords. keywords appear in the page frequency, that is keyword density (keyword density), is in a page, the total of all the pages in the proportion of the text, the index of search engines optimization play an important role. keyword density is generally 1% to 7% would be more appropriate than the standard too high or too low there is suspicion.
remember to avoid keyword stuffing, that is one of the keywords there is not arranged according to the needs of the content, but to please the search engine keywords people accumulate (stuffing). It has been classified as malicious acts by search engines (spamming), there is the risk of being punished.
tools Recommended: < br> Keyword Density Check (English): frequent keywords and their density asp name = keywords> www.seotoolkit.co.uk / keyword_density_analyser.asp
key principle of distribution of the distribution of keywords called
: everywhere, be emphasized.
1, page code title, meta tags (keywords keywords and description description)
such as: e book www.ebook.com code:
2, body of the page the attention of the most attractive places
text content appears to be appropriate keywords, and be focused, which means the formation of reading habits of reading the user priority mm from top to bottom, from left to right as keywords mm key distribution location include: the top of the page by the left, title, body, within the first 200 words. In these areas there are more keywords on the top help. If the text in a keyword-rich web site describes the top place (this place usually arranged to put banner ads). This has the advantage of both users and spiders to understand the content as quickly and bold attention to the spider, play a great role to its ranks. The code is shown below: < br> This site is a non-commercial site, designed for the majority of search engines to provide a learning researchers to exchange places. Here you can find a lot of information about search engine optimization (seo information, articles), website optimization information . This information can help you make your site optimized to meet the appropriate number of search engine rules to get a better ranking.
3, the hyperlink text (anchor text)
In addition to navigation, Site Map, conscious use of anchor text keywords, you can also artificially increase the hyperlink text. such as a children's clothing manufacturers website can add the following industry resources: China's network of children and other organizations in the network of children hh text with children to achieve an increase over the link The purpose of the link text. It is also worth adding site links for reference when, that is the best link object contains your keyword or related semantic web.
4, header tags
the body in the title text. Search engines place more emphasis on the text in the subject line. with the bold words are key words are often the place.
5, image alt attributes
search engines can not crawl images, so pages in the picture attributes when making alt keyword is added to a good search engine friendly way, it will consider the contents of the picture consistent with your keywords, which will help position. English Web content and Web sites during the domain name the folder options, they can consider the keywords (the use of key phrases separated by dashes), such as www.made-in-china.com. but very small effect on the google rankings.
Part III: search engine friendly web pages design by web design
general web designer to complete. designers sites often only from the beautiful, creative and easy to use point of view, to expect that for a good search engine rankings for business websites, has been far far enough, the site planners should at least demand for designers to submit a memorandum to remind the need to tie in the design and attention to the link.
directory structure and url
url is the Uniform Resource Locator, ie each page URL path. Web site files directory structure directly reflected in the url. clear and brief the directory structure and norms of naming not only beneficial to the user experience and web dissemination, but also a manifestation of the search engine friendly.
directory hierarchy:
for a small web sites, usually only one layer of subdirectories, as follows:
search engine, directory structure of this single ideal that the flat structure (flat).
and large number of sites, often require two to three subdirectories. like this:
search engine or two to go crawl under the three sub-file, but preferably not more than 3 layers, If more than 4 layers, like the following on this page, the search engine to search it difficult to:
, of course, the following cases, even the fourth layer of depth and even deeper pages, too, can be searched:
1, provides an important if the page content, a large number of external links from other sites (inbound links);
2, if the page to add a link to this page, you can directly reach the home page, search spider can still easily find it;
3, if there are other sites on the page links at the top level page, the effect is like you do in your own home page on the link.
In addition, graphics, scripts, cgi-bin css style sheet and create a special directory is their income which is generally not placed in the root directory.
directory and file naming:
according to the principles of ubiquitous keyword, you can name and file name in the directory using the critical words. but if it is keyword group, you need to use a splitter. We used a hyphen - and underscores _ are separated, url spaces are also often code% 20. Therefore, if the file name for China, it is possible there are three separate forms:
made-in-china.htm
made_in_china.htm
made% 20in% 20china.htm
But in fact, at least for now _ as delimited google does not agree character. on google it, made-in-china and made% 20in% 20china are equal to the made in china, but made_in_china to be read into madeinchina, together, the key words would be meaningless.
Therefore, directory and file name of the group if there are key words, use a hyphen - not separated by an underscore _.
url should be as short as possible. It was simple to add keywords to the additional construction of one more child with keywords directory, change the directory structure. url contain the keyword itself help to improve the rankings are not large, so this practice unnecessary, but also search engine objectionable.
url absolute and relative url:
absolute url: the page top-level domain, including the path that contains the complete url.
such as:
general, google url in the rankings do not care about using a relative path or absolute path. dynamic url: Many sites have database-driven current generated url, that is, dynamic url, is often manifested in the url appears ?,=,%, and &, $ and other characters. dynamic url extremely beneficial to search engines crawl the web, seriously affect the site ranking, usually through technical solutions program will be dynamic url into static url in the form, such as:
will be transformed into dynamic url below will be specifically mentioned in the solution.
navigation structure
site navigation is to guide users to access the site sections , menus, online help, collectively form the layout structure. Its main function is to direct users to easily access content, to evaluate the site of professional degrees, an important indicator of availability. the same time, many search engines have prompted effect. Generally speaking , site navigation should note the following:
1, eye-catching clear
main navigation main navigation generally reflected a directory, through which the user and the spider can drill down to access all the important content to the site. So the main part must be the first screen on the website home page prominently reflected, and the best use of text links instead of images.
2, breadcrumbs (breadcrumbs) path is the metaphor of bread crumbs
the so-called user to the main navigation access to the process of landing page tips the path, which allows the user to know the location of the site not lose direction and facilitate the return to parent page and starting point. the best path to add links to each section.
as follows: Net Information Design: Net Information Log> Technical Information Home
addition to the main highlight important sections, sub-directories should also be an important way to link the contents of the home page or other sub-page rendering times to focus. search engine would have such a multi-station times the link appears to give adequate attention to the PageRank (pagerank) of great help to improve, which is the level of each site's front page page level is generally higher than other important factors, because each sub-page is a link on the home page.
4, use the Site Map
site map (site map) is a secondary means of navigation, was originally designed for the user to facilitate the users to quickly reach the target page. a good sitemap site design often reflects the complex topology List of relations, with a static, direct, flat, simple features. more use of text links, no or little use of pictures modified in order to speed up page loading. These characteristics meet the requirements of search engine friendly, Web sites also have maps in the seo significance. especially for those who use navigation and dynamic techniques pictures generated web pages, the site map through the text links may be to some extent make up for the spider does not recognize the picture and dynamic web pages is not visible due to the risk.
Note, the site map should also focus, as the backbone of the content and links are given, but not all minutiae. put too many links within a page is not appropriate. google site map clearly links if more than about 100, then best to break the site map into several pages.
tools Recommended:
xenu: Generate Site Map
frame
frame structure, the frame structure (frame) is represented as a web page of a one remains fixed, the other part of the information can scroll up and down or left and right through the mobile display, such as the left menu fixed, mobile text message, or some of the top navigation and logo remain fixed, the other part of the up and down or move around. We often use e-mail frame construction. Frame page Another manifestation of the deep page name does not normally reflected in the url, even into the deep sub-pages, the browser displays the url is still the home page url.
Frame site reflected in the overall superiority of the page to facilitate the consistency and update. especially for those large sites, the use of frames can be relatively easy site maintenance. But the search engine framework is a big problem, This is because most search engines do not recognize the framework, there is no interest to capture the contents of the framework. In addition, some browsers do not support frame pages.
If the page has used a framework, or for a of reasons must use frames, you must use the noframes tag in the code is optimized, the noframe tag as a plain text content of the page. in the region that contains a link pointing to page frame, and descriptive text with key words, At the same time the area outside the framework of the text also appears keywords. In this way, search engines can properly index the information within the framework.
Another way is to use iframe or inline frame (inner frame) to bring technology to avoid the frame inconvenience. the so-called iframe is a form of the framework, which is equivalent to the main browser window a child window embedded in the content automatically open. iframe can be embedded in any part of a web page can also be free to define its size, its code is displayed as:
on search engines, iframe is visible in the text can also be traced to one link to the page, but the user can see the difference is, the search engine as a separate iframe content page content, nothing to do with the page being built.
image optimization
general ...
pr value based on the following two general premise:
1, a page is referenced several times, then it may be very important;
Although not a page number reference, but page references are important, then it may be very important; the importance of a page is passed to it refers to the average Web page. This important pages as authoritative (authoritive) website.
2, assuming users randomly access the beginning of a collection of web pages, and then follow the link to the page browsing forward, not back here, then browse the probability of the next page is to be browsing the web pr pagerank values of the value of the factors
pr value of the expression from 0 to 10 of 11 values, in the google tool bar to a horizontal green bar graph display, 0 cases were white. It is not for the web site, so a site's home page and inside pages tend to have very different pr values. As the process of google marketing reasons, Chinese web pages than English pr value of the whole page. on Chinese web sites, with 3 pr is the foundation, 4 pr operator compliance, 5 pr can be described as good, and 6,7-level pr even very good. Of course, as pr the most direct factor is from the link, so this rating does not mean the level of standard content, the site's content quality of the pr impact is indirect, long-term. According to pr value algorithm principle, we know of a website (home page) pr value of the following main factors:
1, the quality of incoming links:
imported under the preceding link for high quality analysis, the need for high pr value from the following websites:
in the search engine category and have added the site to exchange links directory
pr value obtained from not less than 4 and subject to your related or complementary websites
your link appears in the flow of large, well-known and frequently update the important site (such as news source)
exchange links with your web site with few links to
and export high-quality content web link (pr values have increased potential)
2, the number of outgoing links:
calculated based on the principle pr, due to the importance of a page is passed to it refers to the average web page, so in turn, Look, too much of a page link to the potential export value of the loss caused by the page pr. but the content point of view, the appropriate number of topics associated with the Export link to the search engine a good impression. Thus, a page , especially the number of links to export page of the grasp, should take into account the contents of the two key words pr value and the balance between the number of links that control the export to no more than 10 is appropriate.
3, a search engine included the number of pages in the site of
seo, people too focused on core keywords and page ranking the performance of the situation, but often overlook the extremely important issue: the search engine on the number of pages a site contains. The latter in seo also has important significance. a core keyword query with a poor website ranking, possibly due to a large number of pages to be crawled using other keywords in the user query, the page for the top three rankings. because the user search Key words used in a dispersion, makes this situation is often a tremendous traffic to the site.
because of the number of pages included a direct impact on traffic, so the value of pr is great. were included page more home pr higher. but needs to be emphasized is that the number referred to here is to be included in the total number and ratio of web pages, rather than the absolute value of your page. For example, a site with 50 pages is a collection of 10 pages, the site was included in the ratio is 1 / 5, a 5,000-page site is a collection of 500 pages, the ratio is 1 / 10, the result is included in 10 pages than 500 pages of the website contains also more top edge. but all the search engines, how to be the ratio of how much good, there is no relevant data.
with: check the number of pages your site: search engine, type in: site: google-google.blog . sohu.com / (If you enter: site: tomx.com, is available under the domain name in tomx.com number of pages on all your domain name).
Part I: Domain and host of the impact of
seo domain name and host a site basis, select the domain and host business websites should focus on image and quality, especially for the network marketing lay a solid foundation to carry out. Also, choose a good domain name and host is also the first step in beginning the search engine optimization.
domain domain name selection and seo
ip: each site corresponds to a domain name ip address, ip address is assigned to each computer on the network or network device identification number. Domain name servers must be (dns) for analysis, conversion into digital ip, to let the computer understand the identification, such as: 219.136.248.149 Most sites are located in small and medium enterprises from a server by a number of virtual hosts out, from multiple sites sharing a server and ip address, a number of web servers There are hundreds of domain names share a single ip addresses. This is lower cost of owners, but the site's search engine rankings have the following potential risks:
1, shared hosting to other sites if search engine penalties, will be more or less affect on your website. If you have a website under the same ip cheat, our search engine will be the ip of all sites under the penalties. Fortunately, most search engines will not so arbitrary, like google, not normally associated of such punishment.
2, if the search engine server for some spammer to punish, the ip is considered to be spam, the joint that all sites are under ip been implicated in the decline in ranking of these sites or be removed in the search engines.
tools Recommended:
search domain name ip:
Search Keywords:
ip Reverse: (See under an ip address Share what domain name. free registration)
secondary domain name (sub domain):
the form of two domain names, such as: yourname.66778.cn, rather than
has its own independent domain name is search engine friendly website basis. There are many sites that offer free space, such as blog (blog) free space, free space enterprise, free buffet station, e-commerce platform, usually the user is assigned a secondary domain name, or a page stored in the site path next. This is extremely detrimental to the search engines value your site, two domain names in addition to user access is not convenient, it also has the following drawbacks:
1, if you are using two domain names be punished for the main domain name, you The site will also be involved;
2, will require a lot of search engines included under each domain number (eg:
, english.66778.cn and bbs.66778.cn), if
3, When the domain name provider to cease operation, your website along with the hard business to lose your domain name and go down the drain;
4. Web site traffic ranking, you will owe all of the traffic by relying on top-level domain.
second best domain name for your Web site up an independent domain name, then do domain forwarding (free), is a lot of auction sites, shops are suitable for this method of customer access and website management very useful.
domain in characters: in addition to taking the principle of domain user visits, the search engine, whether related to the domain name contains keywords problem. English content sites if the domain contains keywords, or keywords for the domain name of compound , should be separated with a hyphen. such as: www.made-in-china.com and not www.madeinchina.com. This is because search engines are usually separator - as a space to look at, so it can identify your key words, the website ranking points (although the impact is not great.) dashes separate groups after the keyword phrase can also get more search results, such as www.madeinchina.com is that only one word madeinchina, the made-in-china were made in china as a normal phrase.
some search engine directories on the website in the category rankings are based on the name of the domain name or website title in numerical order or alphabetical order and even Chinese strokes, the overall number of letters off than forward. yahoo! China, said that in the same category, the site is arranged according to alphabet order.
google pages, according to their original level of technology commonly used to distinguish the important sites, emissions in the front of the directory to improve the efficiency of Web search. In addition, the domain name suffix choice has some stress. There is a point of view: in the same circumstances, non-commercial sites on behalf of the suffix. org and. net has more than. com more ranking advantage; on Chinese web sites, said that the Chinese domain. cn and. com.cn off than non-regional. com has certain advantages.
host selection and seo
hosting provider selection:
the host of the site's search engine rankings greatly. When looking for hosting providers, do not only consider the price factor. If you have repeatedly submitted to the google site, but google has been no index of them, there may be site where the server is a problem. So when you select a server to pay special attention to the following points:
1, to avoid using the free hosting free hosting
which often occur spammers, mirror sites, doorway pages search engine spam, Many search engines are reluctant to index on the host site for free; the same time search engine directories such as yahoo is difficult to include commercial sites from free hosting. In addition, difficult to ensure that free hosting services, often the server overload, excruciatingly slow, dang machine frequently, or even shut down services, which will directly affect the site ranking.
2, select a reputable hosting provider
search engine indexing process to access the regular or irregular your site. on frequently updated Web site , google's googlebot robots known as spiders mm, generally of small magnitude to climb every day about a month for a major index. If the spiders can not open pages in the index or when the slow download speed, then give up the index. so you Site work at all times, to win the spider's favor. This will require site storage of the host system provides fast, stable and secure service, the best 24 hour customer service support and maintenance to ensure your website fast, reliable, stable operation.
host transfer:
If you want to transfer web hosting services, to cancel before the original service provider, first find a good new suppliers. first in the new service provider to open an account at to ensure that all documents are passed correctly on the new server. Web site running on the new server not affect the original and then contact your provider to inform the other party to terminate the cooperation, but to ensure that they are not immediately related to your site. again Contact your domain registrar (which may be the original host provider), change the domain name server (dns). name server function is to resolve your domain name into the computer to recognize the ip address. the old into the new domain name server, This process takes about 24-48 hours to take effect within a few cases may be 72 hours. this time, if a search engine just came for your web page, or catch the old ip address on the website, or catch the new after the effective date of the domain name resolution sites, in short, will not be a site not open the gap.
Part II: the core of search engine optimization: keyword strategy
potential customers or target customers based on the search engines Enter your site to find the statement, resulting in a keyword (keywords) concept, which is not only the core of search engine optimization, but also the entire search engine marketing must focus on the core
first determine the choice of keywords your core keywords, and then arranged around the core combination of keywords or phrases produced key phrases. of enterprises, businesses, the core keyword is their business scope, such as product / service, industry positioning, and corporate name or brand name and so on. To sum up, select the keywords have the following skills:
1, from the customer point of view of potential customers searching for your products will use what words?
This can get feedback from a number of resources , from your customers, suppliers, brand managers and sales staff there informed of its thinking.
2, will be expanded into a series of phrases keywords / phrases not single words, but on the basis of a single word expand
such as: design r r Shenzhen web site design Web site design. English Keywords can be used well-known search engine tool overture keyword suggestion tool to detect these key phrases, you can see your keywords in the search for the last 24 hours by the frequency, the most Good keywords are those who have not been widely abused many people search words. Chinese Baidu related tools can provide keywordsandbox google search and keyword matching tools and extensions.
tools Recommended:
google adwords Keyword Tool: search for a specific keyword query and the expanded matches common https: / / adwords.google.com / select / keywordsandbox
Baidu keyword tool: a common search for a specific keyword query matching and query expansion heat
Baidu yahoo google keyword index search new
3, the multiple permutations and combinations to change the word order of phrases to create different combinations of words not commonly used in combination with
, combined into one questions. contains synonyms, replace the word Metaphor and common misspelled words. contain the name and trademark to sell products name. use other qualifiers to create more word combinations, words, four-character combination.
4, not with the meaning of the keywords are too generic
If you are involved in packaging machinery manufacturing, select the machine as the core of your keywords will not help to attract target customers. In fact, in order to find the exact information needed, users tend to search for specific words and combinations to find information (in particular combination of two terms), rather than using a big, generic concept. In addition, the use of keywords too broad sense, it means that your site keep up the site more competitive position, it is difficult to win.
5, with their own If the brand is known do keyword
enterprises, then do not forget to use your keywords in the company name or product brand name.
6, using the geographic location of service is particularly important in the local business . If your business based on local, then add the region name keyword combinations such as Shenzhen construction sites.
7, review
search keywords competitors use keywords to make your competitors thought you might miss some of the phrases. but do not copy anyone's words because you do not know how they want to use these keywords to keywords on your own mm. Find someone else's keywords you have chosen the only Key words were added.
8, no nothing to do with their own keywords
will always be some vocabulary included in the popular keywords in your meta keywords mm although this popular has nothing to do with their content. Some people even to rival brands to own keywords, which not only infringement, may be sued (more than similar cases abroad), and because of these so-called popular vocabulary does not appear in the content, so there is no ranking real help, too many keywords may also be subject to penalties of false lower ranking.
9, control the number of keywords in the keyword
a maximum of not more than 3 is better, and then everything for these Expand the core keywords, keyword density to ensure reasonable. search engine also clear that the theme of the page. If you do need to show a large number of keywords, you can write in other pages scattered and targeted optimization, these pages also has a doorway page ( entry) effects. This is why the home page and inside pages of the key words often differentiated reasons. The most typical scenario is to have different products and services cases, single-page optimization for each product, not listed In a front page.
attached: View competitor keyword method: open the target in the browser page Click to view r r r click keyword density
source in determining their own keyword, you need to the appropriate page text appears these keywords. keywords appear in the page frequency, that is keyword density (keyword density), is in a page, the total of all the pages in the proportion of the text, the index of search engines optimization play an important role. keyword density is generally 1% to 7% would be more appropriate than the standard too high or too low there is suspicion.
remember to avoid keyword stuffing, that is one of the keywords there is not arranged according to the needs of the content, but to please the search engine keywords people accumulate (stuffing). It has been classified as malicious acts by search engines (spamming), there is the risk of being punished.
tools Recommended: < br> Keyword Density Check (English): frequent keywords and their density asp name = keywords> www.seotoolkit.co.uk / keyword_density_analyser.asp
key principle of distribution of the distribution of keywords called
: everywhere, be emphasized.
1, page code title, meta tags (keywords keywords and description description)
such as: e book www.ebook.com code:
2, body of the page the attention of the most attractive places
text content appears to be appropriate keywords, and be focused, which means the formation of reading habits of reading the user priority mm from top to bottom, from left to right as keywords mm key distribution location include: the top of the page by the left, title, body, within the first 200 words. In these areas there are more keywords on the top help. If the text in a keyword-rich web site describes the top place (this place usually arranged to put banner ads). This has the advantage of both users and spiders to understand the content as quickly and bold attention to the spider, play a great role to its ranks. The code is shown below: < br> This site is a non-commercial site, designed for the majority of search engines to provide a learning researchers to exchange places. Here you can find a lot of information about search engine optimization (seo information, articles), website optimization information . This information can help you make your site optimized to meet the appropriate number of search engine rules to get a better ranking.
3, the hyperlink text (anchor text)
In addition to navigation, Site Map, conscious use of anchor text keywords, you can also artificially increase the hyperlink text. such as a children's clothing manufacturers website can add the following industry resources: China's network of children and other organizations in the network of children hh text with children to achieve an increase over the link The purpose of the link text. It is also worth adding site links for reference when, that is the best link object contains your keyword or related semantic web.
4, header tags
the body in the title text. Search engines place more emphasis on the text in the subject line. with the bold words are key words are often the place.
5, image alt attributes
search engines can not crawl images, so pages in the picture attributes when making alt keyword is added to a good search engine friendly way, it will consider the contents of the picture consistent with your keywords, which will help position. English Web content and Web sites during the domain name the folder options, they can consider the keywords (the use of key phrases separated by dashes), such as www.made-in-china.com. but very small effect on the google rankings.
Part III: search engine friendly web pages design by web design
general web designer to complete. designers sites often only from the beautiful, creative and easy to use point of view, to expect that for a good search engine rankings for business websites, has been far far enough, the site planners should at least demand for designers to submit a memorandum to remind the need to tie in the design and attention to the link.
directory structure and url
url is the Uniform Resource Locator, ie each page URL path. Web site files directory structure directly reflected in the url. clear and brief the directory structure and norms of naming not only beneficial to the user experience and web dissemination, but also a manifestation of the search engine friendly.
directory hierarchy:
for a small web sites, usually only one layer of subdirectories, as follows:
search engine, directory structure of this single ideal that the flat structure (flat).
and large number of sites, often require two to three subdirectories. like this:
search engine or two to go crawl under the three sub-file, but preferably not more than 3 layers, If more than 4 layers, like the following on this page, the search engine to search it difficult to:
, of course, the following cases, even the fourth layer of depth and even deeper pages, too, can be searched:
1, provides an important if the page content, a large number of external links from other sites (inbound links);
2, if the page to add a link to this page, you can directly reach the home page, search spider can still easily find it;
3, if there are other sites on the page links at the top level page, the effect is like you do in your own home page on the link.
In addition, graphics, scripts, cgi-bin css style sheet and create a special directory is their income which is generally not placed in the root directory.
directory and file naming:
according to the principles of ubiquitous keyword, you can name and file name in the directory using the critical words. but if it is keyword group, you need to use a splitter. We used a hyphen - and underscores _ are separated, url spaces are also often code% 20. Therefore, if the file name for China, it is possible there are three separate forms:
made-in-china.htm
made_in_china.htm
made% 20in% 20china.htm
But in fact, at least for now _ as delimited google does not agree character. on google it, made-in-china and made% 20in% 20china are equal to the made in china, but made_in_china to be read into madeinchina, together, the key words would be meaningless.
Therefore, directory and file name of the group if there are key words, use a hyphen - not separated by an underscore _.
url should be as short as possible. It was simple to add keywords to the additional construction of one more child with keywords directory, change the directory structure. url contain the keyword itself help to improve the rankings are not large, so this practice unnecessary, but also search engine objectionable.
url absolute and relative url:
absolute url: the page top-level domain, including the path that contains the complete url.
such as:
general, google url in the rankings do not care about using a relative path or absolute path. dynamic url: Many sites have database-driven current generated url, that is, dynamic url, is often manifested in the url appears ?,=,%, and &, $ and other characters. dynamic url extremely beneficial to search engines crawl the web, seriously affect the site ranking, usually through technical solutions program will be dynamic url into static url in the form, such as:
will be transformed into dynamic url below will be specifically mentioned in the solution.
navigation structure
site navigation is to guide users to access the site sections , menus, online help, collectively form the layout structure. Its main function is to direct users to easily access content, to evaluate the site of professional degrees, an important indicator of availability. the same time, many search engines have prompted effect. Generally speaking , site navigation should note the following:
1, eye-catching clear
main navigation main navigation generally reflected a directory, through which the user and the spider can drill down to access all the important content to the site. So the main part must be the first screen on the website home page prominently reflected, and the best use of text links instead of images.
2, breadcrumbs (breadcrumbs) path is the metaphor of bread crumbs
the so-called user to the main navigation access to the process of landing page tips the path, which allows the user to know the location of the site not lose direction and facilitate the return to parent page and starting point. the best path to add links to each section.
as follows: Net Information Design: Net Information Log> Technical Information Home
addition to the main highlight important sections, sub-directories should also be an important way to link the contents of the home page or other sub-page rendering times to focus. search engine would have such a multi-station times the link appears to give adequate attention to the PageRank (pagerank) of great help to improve, which is the level of each site's front page page level is generally higher than other important factors, because each sub-page is a link on the home page.
4, use the Site Map
site map (site map) is a secondary means of navigation, was originally designed for the user to facilitate the users to quickly reach the target page. a good sitemap site design often reflects the complex topology List of relations, with a static, direct, flat, simple features. more use of text links, no or little use of pictures modified in order to speed up page loading. These characteristics meet the requirements of search engine friendly, Web sites also have maps in the seo significance. especially for those who use navigation and dynamic techniques pictures generated web pages, the site map through the text links may be to some extent make up for the spider does not recognize the picture and dynamic web pages is not visible due to the risk.
Note, the site map should also focus, as the backbone of the content and links are given, but not all minutiae. put too many links within a page is not appropriate. google site map clearly links if more than about 100, then best to break the site map into several pages.
tools Recommended:
xenu: Generate Site Map
frame
frame structure, the frame structure (frame) is represented as a web page of a one remains fixed, the other part of the information can scroll up and down or left and right through the mobile display, such as the left menu fixed, mobile text message, or some of the top navigation and logo remain fixed, the other part of the up and down or move around. We often use e-mail frame construction. Frame page Another manifestation of the deep page name does not normally reflected in the url, even into the deep sub-pages, the browser displays the url is still the home page url.
Frame site reflected in the overall superiority of the page to facilitate the consistency and update. especially for those large sites, the use of frames can be relatively easy site maintenance. But the search engine framework is a big problem, This is because most search engines do not recognize the framework, there is no interest to capture the contents of the framework. In addition, some browsers do not support frame pages.
If the page has used a framework, or for a of reasons must use frames, you must use the noframes tag in the code is optimized, the noframe tag as a plain text content of the page. in the region that contains a link pointing to page frame, and descriptive text with key words, At the same time the area outside the framework of the text also appears keywords. In this way, search engines can properly index the information within the framework.
Another way is to use iframe or inline frame (inner frame) to bring technology to avoid the frame inconvenience. the so-called iframe is a form of the framework, which is equivalent to the main browser window a child window embedded in the content automatically open. iframe can be embedded in any part of a web page can also be free to define its size, its code is displayed as:
on search engines, iframe is visible in the text can also be traced to one link to the page, but the user can see the difference is, the search engine as a separate iframe content page content, nothing to do with the page being built.
image optimization
general ...
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Ningbo Port Public Security Bureau
Zhongguang Wang Ningbo Feb. 24 (Xinhuanet LIU Fa Zhou, Chen Ding Cao Meili correspondent) Spring Festival, the Public Security Bureau Ningbo Port police station came to the area, a village in Hong Kong strong, safe residential area such as the masses at home for their sent law, delivery service, warmth, and positive response to the public voice. It is the largest port of Ningbo Municipal Public Security Bureau carried out visits to
January of this year, the Public Security Bureau Ningbo port visit to carry out a large
the visit, the Ningbo Port of harmonious and stable closely around the Public Security Bureau, port security, fair law enforcement, style image, clean from the police and other aspects of the outstanding problems, belongs to the village police station near the port, through visits, the area of the construction units and diverse staff, multi understand their thoughts, to prevent mass incidents; all kinds of police, visited the terminal through the various departments of public security work of soliciting comments and suggestions to further improve service management.
visit, the Public Security Bureau Ningbo port area businesses and the masses of the logistics focus of crime as a criminal attack, to take a special action. According to statistics, in January, the council of logistics detected 4 cases of criminal cases, a strong blow to the arrogance of criminals, recovering stolen money for the damage to a few million business.
January of this year, the Public Security Bureau Ningbo port visit to carry out a large
the visit, the Ningbo Port of harmonious and stable closely around the Public Security Bureau, port security, fair law enforcement, style image, clean from the police and other aspects of the outstanding problems, belongs to the village police station near the port, through visits, the area of the construction units and diverse staff, multi understand their thoughts, to prevent mass incidents; all kinds of police, visited the terminal through the various departments of public security work of soliciting comments and suggestions to further improve service management.
visit, the Public Security Bureau Ningbo port area businesses and the masses of the logistics focus of crime as a criminal attack, to take a special action. According to statistics, in January, the council of logistics detected 4 cases of criminal cases, a strong blow to the arrogance of criminals, recovering stolen money for the damage to a few million business.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Mr. Mao Yushi, substituting one concept to see how the
Mr. Mao Yushi, substituting one concept to see how the
can not be time, so first let me say hello to friends.
the time when this is not a good debate, but having watched Maoxian Sheng's issued a This common sense, the public's eyes are discerning. does not need me to more of this mouth. but to see care for the young, Maoxian Sheng is a senior this year, 80 years old, is already Diemao of the year. that age are still concerned about the affairs, but it is also admired the younger generation. However, according to Confucius, said the standard of Chinese traditional virtues mm not breaking the rules. Charter challenge to China's system of a certain bottom line. He obviously did not hear the words of Confucius, then the younger generation does not need to mark territory; Also frequently from Maoxian Sheng Wang of the phenomenon, I am willing to believe that there is no group of people behind him, such as certain funds used the money will produce the article, and then hang a name Maoxian Sheng. So, Mao Xiansheng energy level and logical ability is unquestioned, therefore, since he assumed the ring, ready to do Leizhu, it should also be ready to The debate.
despite hesitation, finally I decided to respond to Maoxian Sheng, or that he rose to the problem of , all packets into Chinese and foreigners, that I not only think as a younger person, but also as a citizen, as a person, whether active or passive, are the board of the man, can get out .
most important is that it involves the basic concepts of contemporary Chinese society and the basic contradictions, they are not to be confused, if confused, then the future will become clearer the truth, and will be the public that the concept of po po said the concept of public that justified, rational woman and she said, increasingly popular anger is inevitable, and even water and fire can not be compatible to the old grandfathers and grandmothers had to be torn society mm divorce situation, all are losers.
not to idea, nothing wrong; but if it is widely disseminated, that the scholar model, and even influence public opinion-oriented interests of the game, you can not fail to discrimination: first, Mao Xiansheng define how to do things for the poor? He said in the article: They go to school, doctor, building low-cost housing, small loans, small loans with low interest rates, set a high minimum wage, lower college tuition required to create the rich take the poor people ride the policy to allow the poor deceived. release logic, then the Bangladeshi economist Muhammad. Yunus led by Mao Xiansheng low interest micro-credit is not the standard Nobel Peace Prize is also sent to the wrong.
there Maoxian Sheng against know, around the minimum wage has never been more than 1,000 yuan, Maoxian Sheng admitted: pressing problems of workers the boss. annual per capita income of $ 37,600, 1 / 23, if the income per unit time, taking into account the working time of migrant workers in China than the United States is about twice the length of labor, agricultural and industrial units of income in China is only the Americans 1 / 46. If in accordance with Mao Xiansheng view, this is reasonable, is determined by market supply. of course, small loans can not lower interest rates, market supply is determined, as are determined by market supply, then the market are profit-making behavior, then Maoxian Sheng for the poor can do it? donated money for the poor, or take a Yupeng to soup kitchens do?
labor income and in improving working and living environment, Mao Xiansheng that everything is left to the market since Well, then do not do anything for the labor necessary for the real facts. And the question of labor income, Maoxian Sheng is a decision, not the boss of squeezing workers. because in the process of rapid urbanization, a large number of rural labor to urban migration. supply and demand determines the price rise does not go up. but this is unlikely to continue, and with the the future relationship between labor supply and demand changes in the price of labor will certainly go up. now already have the signs, I guess in the next five to ten years will change over. yuan labor in the short term do not expect a raise, though in the past 10 years, China Forbes barriers to entry have been turned I do not know itself, despite the outbreak of the world recognized the speed of China is the world's richest ever, despite the poverty in China Rich Engel coefficient of differentiation has fallen dramatically to the internationally accepted warning line below. rich and labor income can be up is not necessary to pay up!
why this 10-year wages of workers in China the situation is not up? Why This rapid expansion of China's rich-poor divide it? excessive labor supply is actually a superficial reason. But even more important source is that the various elements of productivity, capital of the natural properties of the most concentrated, labor is the most dispersed, according to purely social Darwinism (the jungle law of nature), capitalists are all easily defeated the labor, and thus the pressure in the low labor wages have been the state. it will become increasingly greedy capitalists, and workers increasingly depressed, rich and poor growing gap between the psychological gap between the more and more, and finally unable to endure and resist the labor and nature is the result. The fundamental solution is just to allow workers to form trade unions to elect true representatives of trade unions to represent their interests to the collective way with the management on the productivity levels of other elements of the negotiations, resulting in labor income growth and corporate profits growth and social growth of the total wealth of power-sharing synchronization.
why, why did not the formation of the Chinese workers and employers through equal consultation and collective bargaining the situation? There are many reasons, one important reason is that, like Mao Xiansheng that anyone who speaks for the rich too much, take a look at the Economists have a say how anxious to know. The RMB appreciation, export tax rebates for the sharp decline was a sharp surge in international prices of raw materials such as on the enormous destruction of Chinese enterprises, they often turn a blind eye, and for the workers security point of power, add a little anxious as the sky is falling wages for the same.
Maoxian Sheng is the name of graphic market behavior, even if we all do for the poor when he was wrong, but he was able to , Most of all understand, in order to maximize the interests of access to wealth, the most intelligent approach is to obtain rules of the game to their advantage making power, can not leak quietly sensual to the appropriation of other people's wealth redistribution. formulated rules of the game to win initiative, the most crucial is the right to speak, that is, the public media to find those who have voice and influence policy-making speak for themselves, speak for themselves, so that decision-making and public sentiment to go along with their own interests.
and Meanwhile, some academics have little rich little you probably also understand, for the poor to speak up to get some reputation, there is no pecuniary interest in affordable; and is profitable for the wealthy to speak, there is a sponsor, how to speak for the wealthy will thankless? Of course, if the good is the people's trust and appreciation, they are not natural, and may the good service if the object of his pecuniary interest, that is not hard to get . like Mao Xiansheng concluded mm red and get rid of 18 million mu of land privatization project is sponsored by the Ford Foundation to accept the same. I do not know the sponsor the extent of impact on the conclusions, but at least I know that mu red line is a racking our brains out, out? does the state decision-makers even this simple math addition and subtraction multiplication and division are not counted. phrase has been seriously inconsistent with common sense, then, inevitably reminiscent of the Chinese saying goes mm ;, or otherwise considered illegal.
broken red line is broken 18 million mu of the survival of the Chinese people who can deny the bottom line
mm broken red line and supporting 18 million mu of land behind the huge privatization policy interests.
18 million mu of land privatization and the broken red line, who get great benefits? not a farmer, because once the privatization of land, the land rights of farmers coercion predatory behavior will be endless, it is one after another round of Chinese history had happened, the farmers sell the land but did not get the money owed the money to buy land landlord phenomenon too much. in the event of the You can count on private ownership of land farmers can get a fair price to sell you?
now actively promoting the privatization of land forces farmers to maintain the name of the person under the banner of land prices. Yes, now farmland conversion to nonagricultural Government acquisition of agricultural land cheap and then sold to the city's developers at high prices, but not a large proportion of this money into the national security, the farmers have no social security authority, of which indeed there is a huge loophole, must be reformed. the correct approach to reform is the mm transfer of land directly to the developer community a direct listing on the auction, a reasonable division of land sales in the farmers, universal social security, urban low-rent housing and the government retained percentage. The ratio between the proportion of overall social security should be large farmers in land sales, land sales should be more than urban low-rent housing peasants, urban low-rent housing should be retained is greater than the government.
land if the distribution of benefits because of a technical problem and destroy the red line and 18 million mu of land owned . it is like down the bath water, and the bath is drained with the same child. If it was destroyed 18 million acres of red, land privatization, then who is truly the best interests of those who do?
mm business owners are indirectly the interests of labor cost control. Because the privatization of land means that farmers displaced by the free transfer began, more and more farmers lost their land, into the cities to become cheaper surplus labor, the labor market supply and demand in accordance with Mao Xiansheng theory, workers in China the price of 1,000 yuan, not only will last 3-5 years, 10-20 years I think they have no hope of a raise.
mm for direct real estate developers are huge benefits can be cheap get a large number of land, continue to build a house, and the more rich and powerful are larger enclosure, the lower land prices, the greater the profits space.
mm those of the world's food giant enterprises will gain the greatest benefits. the privatization of land for U.S. multinational agricultural giants in China staking, clearing the way for large-scale mechanized farming. They will be genetically modified seeds, pesticides and fertilizers copy the pattern matching to China, China will be destroyed Cuikulaxiu camel existing agricultural model. you know, this new model does not improve the number of agricultural yields, a well known fact that the world rice yield record has now rests in the hands of the Chinese Yuan Longping. In other words, it increased agricultural farmers no good income, or benefits are limited, but will greatly improve the farmers the seeds, fertilizer and pesticide costs, reducing net income of Chinese farmers.
for agriculture because multinational corporations have greatly improved the efficiency of farming, will also be greatly pushed out the farmers land. If China meet U.S. standards, China's farmers need only enough for 1.75 million (U.S. agricultural population of 3.5 million now, China's total arable land is about 2 times), now about 7.5 million farmers in China the vast majority will leave their homes to the city to absorb. If Chinese farmers leaving only less than 200 million people, even if the income of each farmer up to 10 times (this is not possible to Maoxian Sheng emphasized labor supply and demand, monthly salary of a city thousands of migrant workers, rural farmers how can 1 million? Of course such a hypothesis is to envisage the benefits of intensive agriculture the full number), the consumption rate and now the same is not reduced, the consumption power in rural China only about 2000 people total spending, which means that the total consumer demand in rural China will be reduced 97.3%, or equivalent to the current 1 / 37. This will be the expansion of domestic demand, domestic demand or decrease it? also ask if you really Maoxian Sheng mm will be 7.4 million farmers in rural areas torrent released, how to solve their living and development space, arrange them so many jobs. and then ask some time ago, the export processing enterprises have been closed down, laid-off migrant workers return home as well mu possidetis this, have something to eat, if their land, and agricultural income are multinational agricultural giants laps to go, they did for a living?! be responsible for the trouble you go wrong Maoxian Sheng?
If you cancel 18 million mu of red line and the implementation of the privatization of land and let the market to free competition, the result would be strong for the king, winner-take-all, less than 10 years, the international food giants will dominate and control China's food industry, China's food supply will Multinational food giant by domestic and international dual control in food prices, which the Chinese people's basic rights to subsistence food supply are no longer in their own hands. as in 2008 in front of us, the international food prices soaring, short-term doubled in prices, making many countries in Asia and Africa into famine and unrest among the, you know, this is the 1.3 billion Chinese people was no shortage of food occurs, if at that time also appeared in China's food shortage, national markets had to buy, prices do not rise to heaven!
In other words, in 2008, if not we insist on the 18 million mu of red, we do not mind the hands of a food panic, no survival of the public panic, we may have a major crisis in international financial markets in the fall. a well-known American strategist, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had a famous saying: control of the human. Food giant hands is the Chinese people lucky? If the former reason, the time to read the proposed Maoxian Sheng Yan, Mr. Doyle, the Good cover up the struggle against the rich and evil rich
watch Maoxian Sheng throughout the article, to and fro from the thinking that you are few people speak very brave mean. assigned to most of the poor, and then just keep worried mm , First of all, the sound from the network media is not just the voice of the poor, according to the level of material in China, the poorest of the poor can not afford a computer, not on the network. online to comment on the sum of many, in fact, closer to public opinion, at least in today's China is the closest to the views of the public. I know some of the central leaders of regular Internet users just do not know whether they will occasionally thread; the rich have the power of the Internet to speak, they lack time, but can also spend money hiring people to speak their own, as well as meet their own interests to defend the remarks after the thread; there are many more white-collar middle class, there are urban public, a student, of course, there are migrant workers, but not the General Assembly Maoxian Sheng This is the recognized voice of the public. If so, would not put themselves in the opposite side of public opinion? view of this, with defend the method.
with the poor, hatred of the rich mentality.
but for the time being suffice! because there really are two very important definition interchange, public opinion about the social network for the poor public opinion was stolen; the second is to view public comments on its position Authority for the poor steal the rich for the opposition and hatred mm due to the poor work, or do very little work to do, not work, only count words), he was condemned by a solemn and reasonable. The first I have altered the idea of the text argument in the preceding paragraph, after a substitution of concept of public opinion (in Maoxian Sheng eyes of the poor) is the natural hatred of the rich, of the general public unlawful non-rational exploitation of wealth and riches of others who are in the eyes of the , the masses have sharp eyes, not only to take hostile eyes jealous of the rich, but not any support. in the first half, a tabloid published an article in Hunan, a visit from the Yuan Longping Motor Show to expand the imagination, said Mr. Yuan, six, seven cars, but also buy more advanced vehicles and so on. In this report six or seven vehicles proved to be non-existent before the network even behind Longping comprehensive public opinion, public opinion overwhelmingly believe that, do not say sixty-seven cars, is to give Yuanlao should buy a plane is, he is the safety of Chinese made food to survive significant contribution to solve the food problem of mankind has made a significant contribution to its direct contribution to social wealth, is one hundred billion yuan to dollars, because such a big contribution to how to enjoy not be overstated. Of course, hindsight, Yuanlao is restraint, not a lot to enjoy, he is no rhetoric to practice their own actions contribute to the community for maximizing the contribution of human values. Maoxian Sheng Yuan Lao values obviously not the same as, Maoxian Sheng has his values that sum it up: people alive is to enjoy life,
Vanke second example is the realization of employee equity incentive plans. In the past public opinion on the loss of state assets and the operator holding a lot of criticism, which is usually Maoxian Sheng-style as is the hatred of the rich from the poor. However, in 2007, Vanke implementation of equity incentive plan operators to pre-announced capital markets and investors with all the details, get public opinion and network support for a wide range of public opinion, although caused the individual to discuss technical details, but said that public opinion received overwhelming support. The fundamental reason is the program fair and transparent, is reasonable, and the operation, the company, investors and capital markets and win-win. from the above two cases, we can break the indignation definition interchange, will be the same as hatred of the rich the poor, it will seriously harm infinite, its harmonious society and scientific development of mass destruction is also less than 18 million mu of broken red line. because it obscures the real principal contradiction in China today mm good wrestling rich and evil rich.
back in November 2002, I wrote an article called growth. Good personal wealth while the rich, rich people drive, and work together for the community to create more wealth. China's productive forces, which has been upgraded, they are formed in the Chinese market a force for the process to become positive Chinese society the power to create wealth. At the same time, due to defects in the existing institutional rigidity, because the reform and opening up its own exploration, the reforms in place in order to avoid a violent social upheaval caused by the progressive has introduced various reform measures two-track system the objective elements for a number of bureaucratic corruption provides an opportunity. their social collusion of some speculative capital, money, riches with Chinese black class, they are the ugly in the process of market forces. The basic characterized by the destruction of national and personal riches is more wealth at the expense of the public, this forces l crony capitalism that is, they are formed r. destruction of wealth in today's China forces. motive in the Chinese society forever stuck in a trading power and capital to maximize the stage, stop the truly open, fair and equitable market-oriented reforms and obstruct China's modern architecture of the realization of a mature market; they attempt to always be in Chinese society as their ATM two-track stage, often preventing people based on national positions and emotional value of the real orientation of the reform, attempts to create wealth for those who continue to deprive the sacred fruits of reform and opening as well as misappropriation of people the fruits of the struggle ahead. And the people because ; the fog, often countries in transition, reform and opening up the rich by evil forces to destroy wealth leads to evil, simply comes down to market-oriented reform body. important conflicts are two important reasons not to contest the power of tit for tat, the stage of life and death battle. The trial of two forces now reached a very acute stage, if further deterioration, it may lead to social unrest, the financial crisis and stock market disaster, no matter what kind are likely to subvert China's social progress, the great rejuvenation of the nation. to curb the power of wealth destruction in the contest between the two occupy the absolute upper hand. more and more serious, a force for wealth creation will receive more and more repression, more and more Chinese will inevitably intensify social contradictions, one day, lost the survival and development of people want to break out, and social turmoil, The first victim is wealthy. Even if the evil rich who fled to a foreign country can only be marginalized and despised the local people.
Fortunately, Mao Xiansheng or agreed that do not include corruption, theft, abuse of power, those who pursue ill-gotten gains. cover in an objective and transfer of the public on the pride in the kind of elite, he wrote: a stable political governance must be elite, because the governance of a country is very complex, there must be versed in issues related to governance experts, not their culture, not high quality people can not assume this responsibility. it is easy to put a lot of people's views, even views of the majority of people classified as . However, it must be clear that the can barely be counted. If the elite are identified by Mao Xiansheng, I am not interested in joining the elite squad. I do not know who has the power recognized the .
Maoxian Sheng wrote: let the elite for the whole country, to consider the interests of society, also need a good system design, this system is democracy. It would appear that the definition of democracy is not people are the masters, but also not the people's democratic process, but not the people's supervision, but rather elite fundamental human rights system species that is Sina on December 26 for the Financial
Mao Yushi, (26), Mao Yushi is the first time in days, the author of Economic Research web site hit back, and to accept part of the problem exclusively on Reuters dialogue.
There are concrete facts and figures to support, and hope you will not hear me curse opposed to 18 million mu of red should be careful to understand and then make evaluations on our research, I believe time will prove that our report can be reliability. journalists attend the conference, and other ideas to issues think-tank said in a clear, day is concluded, Many call him the letter.
Mao Yushi, issued a document today that said the offending was criticized because the fundamental interests of some people, but they could not speak truth, so he had to criticize the way. control, control of the people on the right is a matter of great interest. With control you will have to approve, so there is abuse of power of the opportunity to right the money exchange. precisely because the matter involved a huge interest, so there are so strong curse the sound. relationship between cultivated land and grain yield of debate
critics argue that food grown in the land, but also by about land, food production and land area are necessarily related, reduction of land will certainly lead to less food, so reducing the practice of land is completely wrong!
response to this criticism, Mao Yushi said the lack of serious food problems of their thinking on food-related data with no research.
He said that land is only one of the reasons affecting food production, like labor, fertilizer, irrigation, agricultural mechanic, and also affect food production. , the hard fact that arable land and food production has nothing to do. argument, the State Council think-tank questioned in a rural issues, In the ensuing debate triggered by the primary, according to the mainstream, many people in China after the reduction of arable land to challenge the safety of food.
Mao Yushi told Sina Finance, 200 million tons this figure is not accurate, annual trading volume of 270 million tons worldwide. , about fifty million tons. if all depended on imports make up, to use foreign exchange of about 100 million, less than one percent of China's exports, even if the condition is a bad three times, only with about three per cent of exports nothing. factors is very large, in practice may not completely follow the laws of economics. On the one hand, food has a longer growth cycle, less immediately after the production process can not say it. On the other hand, the masses are rigid demand for food, a little be a problem soon to panic, and panic will be enlarged. fell food on time, it will be very troublesome. because no one knows why are 18 million mu.
can not be time, so first let me say hello to friends.
the time when this is not a good debate, but having watched Maoxian Sheng's issued a This common sense, the public's eyes are discerning. does not need me to more of this mouth. but to see care for the young, Maoxian Sheng is a senior this year, 80 years old, is already Diemao of the year. that age are still concerned about the affairs, but it is also admired the younger generation. However, according to Confucius, said the standard of Chinese traditional virtues mm not breaking the rules. Charter challenge to China's system of a certain bottom line. He obviously did not hear the words of Confucius, then the younger generation does not need to mark territory; Also frequently from Maoxian Sheng Wang of the phenomenon, I am willing to believe that there is no group of people behind him, such as certain funds used the money will produce the article, and then hang a name Maoxian Sheng. So, Mao Xiansheng energy level and logical ability is unquestioned, therefore, since he assumed the ring, ready to do Leizhu, it should also be ready to The debate.
despite hesitation, finally I decided to respond to Maoxian Sheng, or that he rose to the problem of , all packets into Chinese and foreigners, that I not only think as a younger person, but also as a citizen, as a person, whether active or passive, are the board of the man, can get out .
most important is that it involves the basic concepts of contemporary Chinese society and the basic contradictions, they are not to be confused, if confused, then the future will become clearer the truth, and will be the public that the concept of po po said the concept of public that justified, rational woman and she said, increasingly popular anger is inevitable, and even water and fire can not be compatible to the old grandfathers and grandmothers had to be torn society mm divorce situation, all are losers.
not to idea, nothing wrong; but if it is widely disseminated, that the scholar model, and even influence public opinion-oriented interests of the game, you can not fail to discrimination: first, Mao Xiansheng define how to do things for the poor? He said in the article: They go to school, doctor, building low-cost housing, small loans, small loans with low interest rates, set a high minimum wage, lower college tuition required to create the rich take the poor people ride the policy to allow the poor deceived. release logic, then the Bangladeshi economist Muhammad. Yunus led by Mao Xiansheng low interest micro-credit is not the standard Nobel Peace Prize is also sent to the wrong.
there Maoxian Sheng against know, around the minimum wage has never been more than 1,000 yuan, Maoxian Sheng admitted: pressing problems of workers the boss. annual per capita income of $ 37,600, 1 / 23, if the income per unit time, taking into account the working time of migrant workers in China than the United States is about twice the length of labor, agricultural and industrial units of income in China is only the Americans 1 / 46. If in accordance with Mao Xiansheng view, this is reasonable, is determined by market supply. of course, small loans can not lower interest rates, market supply is determined, as are determined by market supply, then the market are profit-making behavior, then Maoxian Sheng for the poor can do it? donated money for the poor, or take a Yupeng to soup kitchens do?
labor income and in improving working and living environment, Mao Xiansheng that everything is left to the market since Well, then do not do anything for the labor necessary for the real facts. And the question of labor income, Maoxian Sheng is a decision, not the boss of squeezing workers. because in the process of rapid urbanization, a large number of rural labor to urban migration. supply and demand determines the price rise does not go up. but this is unlikely to continue, and with the the future relationship between labor supply and demand changes in the price of labor will certainly go up. now already have the signs, I guess in the next five to ten years will change over. yuan labor in the short term do not expect a raise, though in the past 10 years, China Forbes barriers to entry have been turned I do not know itself, despite the outbreak of the world recognized the speed of China is the world's richest ever, despite the poverty in China Rich Engel coefficient of differentiation has fallen dramatically to the internationally accepted warning line below. rich and labor income can be up is not necessary to pay up!
why this 10-year wages of workers in China the situation is not up? Why This rapid expansion of China's rich-poor divide it? excessive labor supply is actually a superficial reason. But even more important source is that the various elements of productivity, capital of the natural properties of the most concentrated, labor is the most dispersed, according to purely social Darwinism (the jungle law of nature), capitalists are all easily defeated the labor, and thus the pressure in the low labor wages have been the state. it will become increasingly greedy capitalists, and workers increasingly depressed, rich and poor growing gap between the psychological gap between the more and more, and finally unable to endure and resist the labor and nature is the result. The fundamental solution is just to allow workers to form trade unions to elect true representatives of trade unions to represent their interests to the collective way with the management on the productivity levels of other elements of the negotiations, resulting in labor income growth and corporate profits growth and social growth of the total wealth of power-sharing synchronization.
why, why did not the formation of the Chinese workers and employers through equal consultation and collective bargaining the situation? There are many reasons, one important reason is that, like Mao Xiansheng that anyone who speaks for the rich too much, take a look at the Economists have a say how anxious to know. The RMB appreciation, export tax rebates for the sharp decline was a sharp surge in international prices of raw materials such as on the enormous destruction of Chinese enterprises, they often turn a blind eye, and for the workers security point of power, add a little anxious as the sky is falling wages for the same.
Maoxian Sheng is the name of graphic market behavior, even if we all do for the poor when he was wrong, but he was able to , Most of all understand, in order to maximize the interests of access to wealth, the most intelligent approach is to obtain rules of the game to their advantage making power, can not leak quietly sensual to the appropriation of other people's wealth redistribution. formulated rules of the game to win initiative, the most crucial is the right to speak, that is, the public media to find those who have voice and influence policy-making speak for themselves, speak for themselves, so that decision-making and public sentiment to go along with their own interests.
and Meanwhile, some academics have little rich little you probably also understand, for the poor to speak up to get some reputation, there is no pecuniary interest in affordable; and is profitable for the wealthy to speak, there is a sponsor, how to speak for the wealthy will thankless? Of course, if the good is the people's trust and appreciation, they are not natural, and may the good service if the object of his pecuniary interest, that is not hard to get . like Mao Xiansheng concluded mm red and get rid of 18 million mu of land privatization project is sponsored by the Ford Foundation to accept the same. I do not know the sponsor the extent of impact on the conclusions, but at least I know that mu red line is a racking our brains out, out? does the state decision-makers even this simple math addition and subtraction multiplication and division are not counted. phrase has been seriously inconsistent with common sense, then, inevitably reminiscent of the Chinese saying goes mm ;, or otherwise considered illegal.
broken red line is broken 18 million mu of the survival of the Chinese people who can deny the bottom line
mm broken red line and supporting 18 million mu of land behind the huge privatization policy interests.
18 million mu of land privatization and the broken red line, who get great benefits? not a farmer, because once the privatization of land, the land rights of farmers coercion predatory behavior will be endless, it is one after another round of Chinese history had happened, the farmers sell the land but did not get the money owed the money to buy land landlord phenomenon too much. in the event of the You can count on private ownership of land farmers can get a fair price to sell you?
now actively promoting the privatization of land forces farmers to maintain the name of the person under the banner of land prices. Yes, now farmland conversion to nonagricultural Government acquisition of agricultural land cheap and then sold to the city's developers at high prices, but not a large proportion of this money into the national security, the farmers have no social security authority, of which indeed there is a huge loophole, must be reformed. the correct approach to reform is the mm transfer of land directly to the developer community a direct listing on the auction, a reasonable division of land sales in the farmers, universal social security, urban low-rent housing and the government retained percentage. The ratio between the proportion of overall social security should be large farmers in land sales, land sales should be more than urban low-rent housing peasants, urban low-rent housing should be retained is greater than the government.
land if the distribution of benefits because of a technical problem and destroy the red line and 18 million mu of land owned . it is like down the bath water, and the bath is drained with the same child. If it was destroyed 18 million acres of red, land privatization, then who is truly the best interests of those who do?
mm business owners are indirectly the interests of labor cost control. Because the privatization of land means that farmers displaced by the free transfer began, more and more farmers lost their land, into the cities to become cheaper surplus labor, the labor market supply and demand in accordance with Mao Xiansheng theory, workers in China the price of 1,000 yuan, not only will last 3-5 years, 10-20 years I think they have no hope of a raise.
mm for direct real estate developers are huge benefits can be cheap get a large number of land, continue to build a house, and the more rich and powerful are larger enclosure, the lower land prices, the greater the profits space.
mm those of the world's food giant enterprises will gain the greatest benefits. the privatization of land for U.S. multinational agricultural giants in China staking, clearing the way for large-scale mechanized farming. They will be genetically modified seeds, pesticides and fertilizers copy the pattern matching to China, China will be destroyed Cuikulaxiu camel existing agricultural model. you know, this new model does not improve the number of agricultural yields, a well known fact that the world rice yield record has now rests in the hands of the Chinese Yuan Longping. In other words, it increased agricultural farmers no good income, or benefits are limited, but will greatly improve the farmers the seeds, fertilizer and pesticide costs, reducing net income of Chinese farmers.
for agriculture because multinational corporations have greatly improved the efficiency of farming, will also be greatly pushed out the farmers land. If China meet U.S. standards, China's farmers need only enough for 1.75 million (U.S. agricultural population of 3.5 million now, China's total arable land is about 2 times), now about 7.5 million farmers in China the vast majority will leave their homes to the city to absorb. If Chinese farmers leaving only less than 200 million people, even if the income of each farmer up to 10 times (this is not possible to Maoxian Sheng emphasized labor supply and demand, monthly salary of a city thousands of migrant workers, rural farmers how can 1 million? Of course such a hypothesis is to envisage the benefits of intensive agriculture the full number), the consumption rate and now the same is not reduced, the consumption power in rural China only about 2000 people total spending, which means that the total consumer demand in rural China will be reduced 97.3%, or equivalent to the current 1 / 37. This will be the expansion of domestic demand, domestic demand or decrease it? also ask if you really Maoxian Sheng mm will be 7.4 million farmers in rural areas torrent released, how to solve their living and development space, arrange them so many jobs. and then ask some time ago, the export processing enterprises have been closed down, laid-off migrant workers return home as well mu possidetis this, have something to eat, if their land, and agricultural income are multinational agricultural giants laps to go, they did for a living?! be responsible for the trouble you go wrong Maoxian Sheng?
If you cancel 18 million mu of red line and the implementation of the privatization of land and let the market to free competition, the result would be strong for the king, winner-take-all, less than 10 years, the international food giants will dominate and control China's food industry, China's food supply will Multinational food giant by domestic and international dual control in food prices, which the Chinese people's basic rights to subsistence food supply are no longer in their own hands. as in 2008 in front of us, the international food prices soaring, short-term doubled in prices, making many countries in Asia and Africa into famine and unrest among the, you know, this is the 1.3 billion Chinese people was no shortage of food occurs, if at that time also appeared in China's food shortage, national markets had to buy, prices do not rise to heaven!
In other words, in 2008, if not we insist on the 18 million mu of red, we do not mind the hands of a food panic, no survival of the public panic, we may have a major crisis in international financial markets in the fall. a well-known American strategist, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had a famous saying: control of the human. Food giant hands is the Chinese people lucky? If the former reason, the time to read the proposed Maoxian Sheng Yan, Mr. Doyle, the Good cover up the struggle against the rich and evil rich
watch Maoxian Sheng throughout the article, to and fro from the thinking that you are few people speak very brave mean. assigned to most of the poor, and then just keep worried mm , First of all, the sound from the network media is not just the voice of the poor, according to the level of material in China, the poorest of the poor can not afford a computer, not on the network. online to comment on the sum of many, in fact, closer to public opinion, at least in today's China is the closest to the views of the public. I know some of the central leaders of regular Internet users just do not know whether they will occasionally thread; the rich have the power of the Internet to speak, they lack time, but can also spend money hiring people to speak their own, as well as meet their own interests to defend the remarks after the thread; there are many more white-collar middle class, there are urban public, a student, of course, there are migrant workers, but not the General Assembly Maoxian Sheng This is the recognized voice of the public. If so, would not put themselves in the opposite side of public opinion? view of this, with defend the method.
with the poor, hatred of the rich mentality.
but for the time being suffice! because there really are two very important definition interchange, public opinion about the social network for the poor public opinion was stolen; the second is to view public comments on its position Authority for the poor steal the rich for the opposition and hatred mm due to the poor work, or do very little work to do, not work, only count words), he was condemned by a solemn and reasonable. The first I have altered the idea of the text argument in the preceding paragraph, after a substitution of concept of public opinion (in Maoxian Sheng eyes of the poor) is the natural hatred of the rich, of the general public unlawful non-rational exploitation of wealth and riches of others who are in the eyes of the , the masses have sharp eyes, not only to take hostile eyes jealous of the rich, but not any support. in the first half, a tabloid published an article in Hunan, a visit from the Yuan Longping Motor Show to expand the imagination, said Mr. Yuan, six, seven cars, but also buy more advanced vehicles and so on. In this report six or seven vehicles proved to be non-existent before the network even behind Longping comprehensive public opinion, public opinion overwhelmingly believe that, do not say sixty-seven cars, is to give Yuanlao should buy a plane is, he is the safety of Chinese made food to survive significant contribution to solve the food problem of mankind has made a significant contribution to its direct contribution to social wealth, is one hundred billion yuan to dollars, because such a big contribution to how to enjoy not be overstated. Of course, hindsight, Yuanlao is restraint, not a lot to enjoy, he is no rhetoric to practice their own actions contribute to the community for maximizing the contribution of human values. Maoxian Sheng Yuan Lao values obviously not the same as, Maoxian Sheng has his values that sum it up: people alive is to enjoy life,
Vanke second example is the realization of employee equity incentive plans. In the past public opinion on the loss of state assets and the operator holding a lot of criticism, which is usually Maoxian Sheng-style as is the hatred of the rich from the poor. However, in 2007, Vanke implementation of equity incentive plan operators to pre-announced capital markets and investors with all the details, get public opinion and network support for a wide range of public opinion, although caused the individual to discuss technical details, but said that public opinion received overwhelming support. The fundamental reason is the program fair and transparent, is reasonable, and the operation, the company, investors and capital markets and win-win. from the above two cases, we can break the indignation definition interchange, will be the same as hatred of the rich the poor, it will seriously harm infinite, its harmonious society and scientific development of mass destruction is also less than 18 million mu of broken red line. because it obscures the real principal contradiction in China today mm good wrestling rich and evil rich.
back in November 2002, I wrote an article called growth. Good personal wealth while the rich, rich people drive, and work together for the community to create more wealth. China's productive forces, which has been upgraded, they are formed in the Chinese market a force for the process to become positive Chinese society the power to create wealth. At the same time, due to defects in the existing institutional rigidity, because the reform and opening up its own exploration, the reforms in place in order to avoid a violent social upheaval caused by the progressive has introduced various reform measures two-track system the objective elements for a number of bureaucratic corruption provides an opportunity. their social collusion of some speculative capital, money, riches with Chinese black class, they are the ugly in the process of market forces. The basic characterized by the destruction of national and personal riches is more wealth at the expense of the public, this forces l crony capitalism that is, they are formed r. destruction of wealth in today's China forces. motive in the Chinese society forever stuck in a trading power and capital to maximize the stage, stop the truly open, fair and equitable market-oriented reforms and obstruct China's modern architecture of the realization of a mature market; they attempt to always be in Chinese society as their ATM two-track stage, often preventing people based on national positions and emotional value of the real orientation of the reform, attempts to create wealth for those who continue to deprive the sacred fruits of reform and opening as well as misappropriation of people the fruits of the struggle ahead. And the people because ; the fog, often countries in transition, reform and opening up the rich by evil forces to destroy wealth leads to evil, simply comes down to market-oriented reform body. important conflicts are two important reasons not to contest the power of tit for tat, the stage of life and death battle. The trial of two forces now reached a very acute stage, if further deterioration, it may lead to social unrest, the financial crisis and stock market disaster, no matter what kind are likely to subvert China's social progress, the great rejuvenation of the nation. to curb the power of wealth destruction in the contest between the two occupy the absolute upper hand. more and more serious, a force for wealth creation will receive more and more repression, more and more Chinese will inevitably intensify social contradictions, one day, lost the survival and development of people want to break out, and social turmoil, The first victim is wealthy. Even if the evil rich who fled to a foreign country can only be marginalized and despised the local people.
Fortunately, Mao Xiansheng or agreed that do not include corruption, theft, abuse of power, those who pursue ill-gotten gains. cover in an objective and transfer of the public on the pride in the kind of elite, he wrote: a stable political governance must be elite, because the governance of a country is very complex, there must be versed in issues related to governance experts, not their culture, not high quality people can not assume this responsibility. it is easy to put a lot of people's views, even views of the majority of people classified as . However, it must be clear that the can barely be counted. If the elite are identified by Mao Xiansheng, I am not interested in joining the elite squad. I do not know who has the power recognized the .
Maoxian Sheng wrote: let the elite for the whole country, to consider the interests of society, also need a good system design, this system is democracy. It would appear that the definition of democracy is not people are the masters, but also not the people's democratic process, but not the people's supervision, but rather elite fundamental human rights system species that is Sina on December 26 for the Financial
Mao Yushi, (26), Mao Yushi is the first time in days, the author of Economic Research web site hit back, and to accept part of the problem exclusively on Reuters dialogue.
There are concrete facts and figures to support, and hope you will not hear me curse opposed to 18 million mu of red should be careful to understand and then make evaluations on our research, I believe time will prove that our report can be reliability. journalists attend the conference, and other ideas to issues think-tank said in a clear, day is concluded, Many call him the letter.
Mao Yushi, issued a document today that said the offending was criticized because the fundamental interests of some people, but they could not speak truth, so he had to criticize the way. control, control of the people on the right is a matter of great interest. With control you will have to approve, so there is abuse of power of the opportunity to right the money exchange. precisely because the matter involved a huge interest, so there are so strong curse the sound. relationship between cultivated land and grain yield of debate
critics argue that food grown in the land, but also by about land, food production and land area are necessarily related, reduction of land will certainly lead to less food, so reducing the practice of land is completely wrong!
response to this criticism, Mao Yushi said the lack of serious food problems of their thinking on food-related data with no research.
He said that land is only one of the reasons affecting food production, like labor, fertilizer, irrigation, agricultural mechanic, and also affect food production. , the hard fact that arable land and food production has nothing to do. argument, the State Council think-tank questioned in a rural issues, In the ensuing debate triggered by the primary, according to the mainstream, many people in China after the reduction of arable land to challenge the safety of food.
Mao Yushi told Sina Finance, 200 million tons this figure is not accurate, annual trading volume of 270 million tons worldwide. , about fifty million tons. if all depended on imports make up, to use foreign exchange of about 100 million, less than one percent of China's exports, even if the condition is a bad three times, only with about three per cent of exports nothing. factors is very large, in practice may not completely follow the laws of economics. On the one hand, food has a longer growth cycle, less immediately after the production process can not say it. On the other hand, the masses are rigid demand for food, a little be a problem soon to panic, and panic will be enlarged. fell food on time, it will be very troublesome. because no one knows why are 18 million mu.
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Ren the edge of a farm power
Ren Ren's headland once again ranked power
degree in respected in the country no one can match his. Zhengfei may Nietzsche, then the heart have the following:
flexible, re-adjust the force disease of large enterprises, Chinese enterprises are being hit to the young. impressed, I issued a . In .
Ren the most quiet of the soul mm.
he saw the momentum of the hidden crisis of Emergency mm Gardner big crisis, people often lead to deep reflection. The truly wise, but complacency can be in the moment, the company behind the high-spirited and see the crisis-ridden. Ren is such a wise .2008, revenue in the international giants in the context of drastic decline, Huawei has achieved annual revenue of 233 billion dollars, still achieved a 46% increase. in general not to be optimistic in 2009, Huawei revenue is expected to order $ 30,000,000,000 . The string of beautiful figures, but six months ago caused a sensation with Huawei World War II. Alcatel-Lucent, Nortel and ZTE's offer at between 70-140 billion, Huawei has reported less than 7 billion out of the ultra-low prices. Huawei's the spoiler. And Ren is that of the time! even out of this offer, Huawei's profits are still substantial. No one doubts that Huawei R & D, cost, and on the strength of the overall solution. Huawei, China Telecom CDMA final winning 40% of large single. Huawei's open capacity and competitiveness, has attracted worldwide attention. 20th May and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei has been dedicated to providing customized telecommunications in emerging markets network solutions, Huawei for the award is the industry leader in the field recognized the image of another. In addition, the award is nominated in two other companies were HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank. all with outstanding, innovative decision-making and corporate strategy and eventually won. emerging markets, environmental protection, social responsibility, corporate leadership and innovation policy-making and other fields will also be the success of the enterprise in the future the decisive factor. satisfaction. No one is more understanding than he Huawei, he did not know him better than his .20 years of hard work, in order to ensure the overall use of resources, he had centralized power. in order to maintain the authority had to set up a series from top to bottom control points, thus forming a huge system. The system has effectively guaranteed the unity of decree. However, it also indirectly undermine, or even limit creativity on the line. passage of time, he began to discover, solve problems, is no longer a matter of primary importance, and the coordination of large systems is an important node. line to address specific problems, to spend 2 / 3 of the time to fight for resources above. from the front line fought out Ren, consciousness to a deep crisis is approaching. U.S. financial crisis were also allowed him to wake up. He saw, they are able to confound right and wrong of the raging global financial crisis, to some extent is the United States has swept the world figures out of the elite management model problem. executives and employees are firmly locked digital chain, has become a real slave. whether it is based on number of employees in the executive assessment, executive assessment, or by employees, have shown a number of established servile flattery. General Motors and other giant business model and cost structure is no longer accepted by the market, GM has been near collapse of the reality that the United States digital management system, a dead end 30-year imitating the United States has been learning Chinese companies digital management system, also encountered the same problem. In 2009 he sit still open, the Ren sent to all employees of Huawei enlightening cry: Let the people hear the call for artillery guns! to first-line direct decision-making! not manage the business really concentrate on, the answer is always no hint in the field, not the bureaucratic cancer each breeding hate, there is no excuse not to look for the first arch to the edge of a farm force to solve the problem, unable to pronounce such a strong cry to. to borrow the words of Nietzsche said, this is only the cause of power: a pathological features of all of this century, but the filling, flexible, re-adjust the force. servicemen alone indispensable for each climber makes a stubborn Coyotes team, and now has evolved to create 23 billion U.S. dollars into the regular army of income. Huawei in the high-spirited people look in his eyes there was no economic inefficiency everywhere. the regular army troops how to maintain a large contingent of small-unit flexibility coyote capacity, has been the focus of his thinking. So, the U.S. special forces into his field of vision. U.S. special forces in Afghanistan, before the company commander can not command the artillery, the division has the authority to direct orders to the artillery. in front of that enemy , one level up the report, and then another one a combat order to convey down. in a rapidly changing battlefield, which often adversely affected by aircraft procrastination means synonymous. Now the situation is entirely different. front-line soldiers a communications call special , the plane took off from aircraft carriers, and then open fried, artillery war, which fired missiles. frontline 3 pairs, including an information intelligence specialist, a fire bomb expert, a way of fighting expert. when finding the target, the information specialist tools to determine the enemy use of satellite clusters, goals, direction, equipment, etc., bomb expert configuration bombs, fire, fighting a battle mode expert mode configuration. combat team to scale operations to locate the license. For the combat troops, not the front line, that is redundant The. in front of what kind of support, how much support to the establishment of the appropriate platform or organization. behind the business must be integrated with a certain degree, reduced platform department set up to reduce internal coordination, timely and accurate services to the front. in combat units things in easily understood, in the present business organization becomes complex. one huge bureaucracy, with its own logic and reason. structure or purpose of the organization set platform, often free and timely, accurate and meet the needs of the front, and changes to meet the needs of power and control. frontline team is only 1 / 3 of the time in direct service goals, 2 / 3 of the time in communication with the rear of the platform, came out from one department to another department, spent a lot of energy and time. Zhengfei want to change. He wants to promote under the line executives to promote the headquarters staff to the line to go. he wanted to detonate the passion, Dayton opened the wisdom, the release of the front line of creativity. To this end, he even startling to make the world ; Huawei unrest Huawei is not understood, no one understood Ren. strengthen the rights of first-line team can be said that Ren has been the focus of the question. When he Huawei EMT (management team) was raised to go to the front line when it is not heard harmonious sounds. Although large by the same positive direction, but it leads to the opposite on the operational details of the facts. part of the EMT members that officials and staff close to the line, the line will increase the burden of increased costs, and can not help. headquarters management to front-line, fit the shelf, often become a burden, received first-line to upset the normal rhythm. The meeting has not reached a resolution, it has been running in the opposite direction. Ren also strong do nothing, He enjoyed the bureaucratic management system of interest. As against the line on the roll out of the entrepreneurs, Ren is not so easily fooled by rhetoric in front, even though they look impeccable rhetoric. In immature, Tao unlucky or he can is a retreat, but do not doubt that profound insight. That is his soul and life. Zhengfei caught alone. As a soldier, he used to hear people calling artillery guns, not to hear the guns people to question the guns. company in development, but had to play a strong team culture, in order to guard against the risks that may allow them to question all of the things they do not understand. The checks and balances, has played a positive role, but also fed the habit and inertia. as the frog in warm water I do not know dates of death draws near, those resorting to eating the executives salary, big organization does not know the competitiveness of enterprises will crumble. breaking the shackles of thinking scissors, paste plus Ren motion at the meeting, but a eureka moment thing. However, very few people can grasp the depth of touch to the Ren. They have been a lot of experience and the rules are binding, and they do not have the freedom and joy and Ren, Ren the edge of a farm and no one kind of force mm from the conclusions of thinking, the overall goal of simplistic thinking and thinking. Ren seen rapid growth in the effectiveness of the company, while the power center of his dependence is also enhanced. people tend to revel in this species of the benefits of enhanced, but did not really think, and this depends on crisis: the team stopped the independent observation and independent thinking.'s habit and a series of prejudices, has become a big mountain, a maze of mind, hard to easy look at things in a freely.'s disease has hit an inert body of the enterprise. Ren aware that this has been seriously polluted, full of second-hand goods in the world, and even his senior management team, including himself, have been accustomed to receiving second-hand goods, began to second-hand warm comfortable feeling of the sea. forget, these second-hand goods, has been away from the real world, has been difficult to reflect the real world, has become a real grasp of the maze. This fan impaired not only covering the Huawei executives, as well as covering the more people. has burst, Vice Mayor of Kaifeng in Kaifeng City, the General Assembly, the high-profile announcement . lashed to the Deputy Mayor that the secretary of the drafting of speeches, and the vice mayor as prominent: with a short prepared speeches are not their own, you can do! seems this is a chance event, in fact, This is very representative of an event. is not only a deputy mayor and secretary's speech almost all bureaucrats have to copy. Plagiarism has become an overwhelming trend. This atmosphere is so fierce, scientific experiments that we are no longer a separate experiment, but experimental cloning over other people's trouble. As for our business, it is commonplace, fresh and innovative. Now the board chairman and CEO, met problem, the problem will naturally to his team. team after receiving the command, the machine will start the team began to find wide. will think of ways previously accumulated, directly online to download, or will think of looking for consulting firms to provide Consultation Report. divide the company's operations fully consulting firm, received the order, they will find work before the end of the case, the issue will go to learn from other companies, will go to the general mode of operation. These companies do not understand the operation of project personnel, but in a format that within the framework of the operation of the company to add the information needed. Finally, the company boss and then based on these second-hand materials to make a decision. no one exhausting effort to carry out independent observations and independent thinking, and scissors, paste this plus the paradigms have been flooded. The real crisis is that people stop independent observation and independent thinking. Our minds have been filled with second-hand goods north and south of the things that can not be identified. Our range of habits and prejudices, has been the formation of a mountain, a maze of mind, people lost the opportunity to capture sharp. At first, a live stubborn, evolved into a unique Technical Director of departure of young, once made a few timid souls wide choice of permanent, even through its deterrent Huawei's walls. once a scholar in a popular financial magazine made a cover story about Huawei. He from Beijing Journal of departure forgot. Huawei can think of newsstands around the city to buy a new magazine. However, each has a number of the magazine's newsstand sales, but in any case can not find the new magazine. ask to know that these smart vendor, see the cover story of Huawei, Huawei can not determine whether the favorable report, So they simply do not carry the magazine. avoid causing incalculable consequences. Huawei city gradually turned into a kingdom. He was once a hotbed of intoxicated on the centralization of power. from marketing, R & D, manufacturing line fought by the people, aware of what went wrong. He saw that today with the bustle of people on the line , no longer had fought in the front line when he started the passion and sensitivity. executives do not understand the front line, but have too many rights and resources. In order to control operational risk, and naturally a lot of process control set points, and do not willing to authorize. As a result, a huge bureaucratic system gradually formed in Huawei. have the authority to ensure that the order around the things set up, more rational with the real conflict, the conflict with the true things. Zhengfei was choking bad! He imposed on him to break free of all chains! even these chains is a byproduct of his success at the expense! he knew it was the only way the creator. do not want to be their own organization to eliminate the are learned from the war, the truth of their language and the power of ideas; they get conservation in the war, but because peace has been ruined; be educated through the war, he was deceived by peace; through war by training, he was peace abandoned; a word, they born in the war, died in peace. senior managers away from the side, turned to lower the middle management level. middle managers are still in the upward trend, unifying them to do things sensible. They do not have the risk of acute high-level managers, and more from the top do something different. in the middle position, far fewer scruples on the location, some more communication between the upper and lower feelings, it can have a look at the overall sense of the top problems. They quickly grasped the problem of Ren: You just stressed executives to go on line to close, and not to adjust the flow of resources from the top down and hierarchical structure, how will the results you want? like to think of Ren, once captured the discourse of middle managers the amount of information. The key is to abandon the mindset from top to bottom, to counter the specific operational needs from the starting line leaving the post, only because first-line operational needs exist. not to push the system adjusted to the main to pull-based system, to strengthen the team's decision-making power line, is very realistic. In push systems, resource control in the upper, is a powerful driving force in pushing centralized, some useless processes, some not the necessary positions, some miscellaneous personnel, will be in a security control point to get the value of survival. And once the , put it cut off. reason is simple, but really want to practice on the complex. any place where people have the urge to build the temple. the process of making the temple, the platform to expand, their strength is also widening. a 5,000 platform and a platform for 3 people, is quite different. always some reason to make a platform of organizational inertia in accordance with the expansion. In order to ensure the effective functioning of institutional integrity, the department, more and more people, more and more dry live less. senior executives began to rely on his team, a bureaucratic began to spread. Why do organizations often overstaffed, is full of incompetent people in power? the 20th century, the three most influential for the management Master Engineer Edward Major. Murphy, Lawrence educators. Peter, historian North Gould. Parkinson's, Murphy's Law was proposed, respectively, Peter Principle and Parkinson's law analysis of such phenomena. mm Murphy said that this is human behavior, people tend not to do the job. If there is a possibility will mess up things to some people will mess it out. God Guicha, most did not want the result is bound to occur. mm Peter Principle is further explained, is not competent is an established reality, is a sign of successful business people. any organization, each employee will eventually be promoted to the position of incompetence. Each job will eventually be the incompetent staff control. a person in an organization, the Association reached the ceiling of his promotion, the limit is not competent. people are not lazy, but the capacity of the border. mm and Parkinson's law stresses that incompetence is a kind of bureaucratic inertia dictates, the bureaucrats in the deliberate creation of incompetence. So, Parkinson's law stressed: staff led to increased workload. because management activities will create their own work. work does not necessarily seem less rambling affair, on the contrary he may be busy than anyone else. If there is only such a logic, the only way a force at work , then the situation was not irreversible. Unfortunately, there are many other factors in the world in the role, which give birth to a vibrant world. the reality is full of Parkinson's Law and the Peter Principle challenger. Ren is representative of them one. he wants to fight is based on the growth in the scale of production out of the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had given him no doubt a great convenience, but now he saw them high up, and may gradually set Huawei in suffocation. If there is one bad thing may be the result of practice to promote such an outcome will be some shape. It is such a wake, so he sent a deafening cry. according to Murphy, Peter, and Parkinson's found any business organization under the power of the upper and lower double, everyone will eventually achieve the incompetent, the organization will eventually be overwhelmed by their own bureaucracy. Zhengfei to escape this fate. he wants to fight! been Liger he did not destroy, more willing to be himself destroyed. He knew a lot of people are not willing to be eliminated. These people are not at the president office, not headquarters building, and they have a company active in a business start-site 2 million years ago, when the .20 scenes flashing before his eyes. He was looking for a breakthrough point. created from the first line is always God will have the site they will not hesitate to come to the scene. for a long time thinking the problem is not determined, in the Libya visit, in discussion with the management and staff, everything they are bright. Libya and North Africa by Huawei, of course, with no domestic human resources available. This often requires more than one person can. from Huawei to see, here is a small customer. and from every customer to see, is an important national authorities. These departments typically have a comprehensive problem faster judgments and conclusions the first time need to come up with solutions and delivery of programs. the needs of customers in many ways. contact with customers should be a generalist. Practice has repeatedly proved by the account manager, problem resolution experts, commissioning experts, composed of three a group, may be the most efficient. The three men together, can talk about any issues related to engineering contracts, on-site final decision. This highly efficient model for customers like it. Libya triangle structure, the middle Ren wants. to customers managers, expert solutions, delivery experts triangle combat units, effectively solve customer problems.'s operations in each business field, there is a triangle of structural problems. This kind of project-centered mode of operation is a multi-functional problem-solving group. any organization, any level of organization, is looking for goals, finding opportunities and the opportunities into results. North Africa significance of the practice, to those who grasp the opportunity to direct war, and not the people who control resources to direct the war. awarded first-line team of independent thinking and the pursuit of the best power protection to the rear is just starting. so changed by the push-pull, is a far-reaching look normal revolution. centralization of small units to avoid the blind to compete for resources, competition for resources, mainly for the opportunity to capture the process of enterprise development is a must. But once the business development strategy of winning beyond the stage of first-line center and the coordination and promotion, and become critical. Ren's pull is not something new. Toyota in the early 1950s, began to adopt a .1950, is the way Toyota started in Japan, when the difficulties encountered unimaginable today. At that time Toyota has been hosted by the bank, the company at the edge of collapse. Kiichiro Toyoda, founder of the bank because of the pressure rushing 1,500 layoffs resigned. difficulties, Toyota executives expect the U.S. auto industry to learn. They went to the United States around the turn, and is given the opposite. They saw the U.S. automotive giant, there is too much money, too much equipment, too large a production line. They have mountains of stock, there can be thousands of on vehicles manufactured car in the warehouse. they have the strength of the pampered, there are capital goods store. These are not associated with Toyota. No money, no equipment, no skills, no order, but still want to build cars, only to rely on edge of a farm is the front-line employees and creativity. no money to hoard goods, can only abandon the push mode of production, only production of the order of the cars. Toyota site, nor so much equipment, problems can be scientifically rigorous investigation. they can only live in the problem, by the sensitive front-line staff, to miss the point. if there are problems, does not delay the issue of employees that can stop the production line running. to stop the production line open and the power to front-line staff, is a bold attempt, there is no way to approach. Who would have thought those were forced out of practice: produce only what is needed (JIT) and the line from �P down (from �P of), actually Toyota became the world-famous way of two wheels. Toyota several decades, and finally forging the most attractive manufacturing production. is the pull production, Toyota has been making money, reduce inventory, improve efficiency, increased effectiveness. pull is wonderful. U.S. auto industry executives have noticed in the 1970s, the benefits of pull, but a few years later, until the result of the financial crisis, the near collapse of several major auto giants U.S. auto industry has not learned the Toyota pull production. because the pull is anti-bureaucratic production of bones, is the bureaucratic system does not recognize. and those who for many years and finally boiled silk clothing and food executives, in any case can not give up vital interests. So, year after year, without any change. Ren Toyota has a unique way of preference. He had several study visits to Toyota. his famous article How to write out after the winter. most people went to Japan to study Toyota may be indulging in a range of tools, and Ren concern is the mind behind the Toyota way. on the This one, he has a strong resonance. He always wanted to maintain the momentum of a creator, always want to let all the front-line employees of Huawei have become the most powerful creator. frontline decision-making team of the bear Each behavior is a result of the will graduated into the company, after several years of work, corporate executives often think assume that the lack of staff. In fact, not a lack of staff assume, is the company never assume the staff as a person. companies do not give them the opportunity to bear , did not create the bear culture. fire is a cost, who called the fire, who must bear the responsibility and fire calls for the cost. frontline employees can call for artillery fire, but the license is easy to form a culture of courage to bear hard. Everyone are talking about licensing, everyone talking about flat. But our organization has chosen to flatter the voice in the increasingly bloated. frontline employees can be considered to do all day, how to do it. The executives have to constantly consider what can not do, what is at risk. executives taking on more risk in decision-making. To control risk, more and more power is not delegated but concentrated. frontline teams often lack a holistic thinking, they only understand a part, there is no way assume the overall risk. Over time, resources intensive enterprises will become a popular consensus in the daily management. Zhengfei too familiar with this type of conflict, while strong, he is precisely the key point in these once hesitant and swing. It is also Why Huawei bureaucracy even in the most hated Ren bureaucratic expansion under the eyes of a little bit up. on the front line team, no one can insufferably arrogant, but some people can stand a high risk to strengthen centralized control. Therefore, given to independent thinking and the most front-line staff Best of the right, in the Chinese business community is always a good wishes of floating, hard floor. from out of the Ren line veteran, on the bureaucratic system is a natural guard, on the front line team has a close emotional. He was too familiar with the operation of the business. start, the answer is always in the field can easily be accepted. It is a breakthrough in a business field, making the enterprises have made great progress. However, as the business grows, more and more alienated from the leadership business site, a series of old experiences and prejudices, began thinking about managers, instead of the site close to the line. unconsciously, the formation of a bureaucratic gas. The cause and effect is so natural, that had insisted all the answers are the founder of the field, but also unconsciously be biased covering the mud that the true moment to moment. How authorization to the front line, while guaranteeing the overall efficiency of the bear? North Africa operation is not philosophy, not thinking, not the mind , but an excellent practical results. Huawei North Africa, the practice, with emphasis on evaluation index setting. on the front line trio of teams is the assessment of their effective growth, profits, cash flow, the per capita benefits, the average per capita benefits line so marked. These indicators can also assessing patches, product lines, departments, regional department, office and so on. gross profit, cash flow, price, effective growth of the other fixed target, usually the terms of assessment of large companies. Some state-owned enterprises, dozens of billion in sales, the assessment is not a profit center. The little trio of North Africa, there are indicators of the profit assessment. Of course, these profits, cash flow and price terms have a clear mandate. frontline team only a certain amount of money on a unique and direct control over. For example, the value of 100 or 1,000 million allocation of resources such as the right. In Ren view, the specific amount authorized is not important, it is important to establish a culture so as to form a strong field, so that any one business scene is full of bear, the creator of passion and change. frontline team and company executives can form a harmony relationship. focus on the last one eliminated the senior management cadre, from the front line selection of executives. those who lost because of off-site long line problem solving ability, that is, those not in the daily work of implementing the eliminated by the sludge. line to the front-line customer service manager who transformed the team. teams from the account manager, solution specialists and delivery experts. Account Managers need to strengthen customer relationships, solutions, financing and terms of payment, and delivery of integrated ability to multi-skill solutions experts, are not familiar with the area of their assistance should also open up the channels. delivery experts to have clear communication with customers, engineering solutions and services capabilities, while the background can be committed to capacity and delivery process well aware of the link. Technica customer alignment is the purpose of profit, which is the backbone and soul. rear coordination difficulties, it is often complained about the team from the front line. Ren pointed out that the reason behind the general coordination: the process has issues, organizational settings there is a problem of ideology in question, a problem of mutual trust, non-core business cadres do not understand the main problem. For these problems, both need to find a key to improving the efficiency of front-line team, they need to find a the rear platform, the key to efficient service front. two of the key, is the edge of a farm power culture. should force the company built on the edge of a farm basis, it is important to establish the company of three ...
degree in respected in the country no one can match his. Zhengfei may Nietzsche, then the heart have the following:
flexible, re-adjust the force disease of large enterprises, Chinese enterprises are being hit to the young. impressed, I issued a . In .
Ren the most quiet of the soul mm.
he saw the momentum of the hidden crisis of Emergency mm Gardner big crisis, people often lead to deep reflection. The truly wise, but complacency can be in the moment, the company behind the high-spirited and see the crisis-ridden. Ren is such a wise .2008, revenue in the international giants in the context of drastic decline, Huawei has achieved annual revenue of 233 billion dollars, still achieved a 46% increase. in general not to be optimistic in 2009, Huawei revenue is expected to order $ 30,000,000,000 . The string of beautiful figures, but six months ago caused a sensation with Huawei World War II. Alcatel-Lucent, Nortel and ZTE's offer at between 70-140 billion, Huawei has reported less than 7 billion out of the ultra-low prices. Huawei's the spoiler. And Ren is that of the time! even out of this offer, Huawei's profits are still substantial. No one doubts that Huawei R & D, cost, and on the strength of the overall solution. Huawei, China Telecom CDMA final winning 40% of large single. Huawei's open capacity and competitiveness, has attracted worldwide attention. 20th May and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei has been dedicated to providing customized telecommunications in emerging markets network solutions, Huawei for the award is the industry leader in the field recognized the image of another. In addition, the award is nominated in two other companies were HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank. all with outstanding, innovative decision-making and corporate strategy and eventually won. emerging markets, environmental protection, social responsibility, corporate leadership and innovation policy-making and other fields will also be the success of the enterprise in the future the decisive factor. satisfaction. No one is more understanding than he Huawei, he did not know him better than his .20 years of hard work, in order to ensure the overall use of resources, he had centralized power. in order to maintain the authority had to set up a series from top to bottom control points, thus forming a huge system. The system has effectively guaranteed the unity of decree. However, it also indirectly undermine, or even limit creativity on the line. passage of time, he began to discover, solve problems, is no longer a matter of primary importance, and the coordination of large systems is an important node. line to address specific problems, to spend 2 / 3 of the time to fight for resources above. from the front line fought out Ren, consciousness to a deep crisis is approaching. U.S. financial crisis were also allowed him to wake up. He saw, they are able to confound right and wrong of the raging global financial crisis, to some extent is the United States has swept the world figures out of the elite management model problem. executives and employees are firmly locked digital chain, has become a real slave. whether it is based on number of employees in the executive assessment, executive assessment, or by employees, have shown a number of established servile flattery. General Motors and other giant business model and cost structure is no longer accepted by the market, GM has been near collapse of the reality that the United States digital management system, a dead end 30-year imitating the United States has been learning Chinese companies digital management system, also encountered the same problem. In 2009 he sit still open, the Ren sent to all employees of Huawei enlightening cry: Let the people hear the call for artillery guns! to first-line direct decision-making! not manage the business really concentrate on, the answer is always no hint in the field, not the bureaucratic cancer each breeding hate, there is no excuse not to look for the first arch to the edge of a farm force to solve the problem, unable to pronounce such a strong cry to. to borrow the words of Nietzsche said, this is only the cause of power: a pathological features of all of this century, but the filling, flexible, re-adjust the force. servicemen alone indispensable for each climber makes a stubborn Coyotes team, and now has evolved to create 23 billion U.S. dollars into the regular army of income. Huawei in the high-spirited people look in his eyes there was no economic inefficiency everywhere. the regular army troops how to maintain a large contingent of small-unit flexibility coyote capacity, has been the focus of his thinking. So, the U.S. special forces into his field of vision. U.S. special forces in Afghanistan, before the company commander can not command the artillery, the division has the authority to direct orders to the artillery. in front of that enemy , one level up the report, and then another one a combat order to convey down. in a rapidly changing battlefield, which often adversely affected by aircraft procrastination means synonymous. Now the situation is entirely different. front-line soldiers a communications call special , the plane took off from aircraft carriers, and then open fried, artillery war, which fired missiles. frontline 3 pairs, including an information intelligence specialist, a fire bomb expert, a way of fighting expert. when finding the target, the information specialist tools to determine the enemy use of satellite clusters, goals, direction, equipment, etc., bomb expert configuration bombs, fire, fighting a battle mode expert mode configuration. combat team to scale operations to locate the license. For the combat troops, not the front line, that is redundant The. in front of what kind of support, how much support to the establishment of the appropriate platform or organization. behind the business must be integrated with a certain degree, reduced platform department set up to reduce internal coordination, timely and accurate services to the front. in combat units things in easily understood, in the present business organization becomes complex. one huge bureaucracy, with its own logic and reason. structure or purpose of the organization set platform, often free and timely, accurate and meet the needs of the front, and changes to meet the needs of power and control. frontline team is only 1 / 3 of the time in direct service goals, 2 / 3 of the time in communication with the rear of the platform, came out from one department to another department, spent a lot of energy and time. Zhengfei want to change. He wants to promote under the line executives to promote the headquarters staff to the line to go. he wanted to detonate the passion, Dayton opened the wisdom, the release of the front line of creativity. To this end, he even startling to make the world ; Huawei unrest Huawei is not understood, no one understood Ren. strengthen the rights of first-line team can be said that Ren has been the focus of the question. When he Huawei EMT (management team) was raised to go to the front line when it is not heard harmonious sounds. Although large by the same positive direction, but it leads to the opposite on the operational details of the facts. part of the EMT members that officials and staff close to the line, the line will increase the burden of increased costs, and can not help. headquarters management to front-line, fit the shelf, often become a burden, received first-line to upset the normal rhythm. The meeting has not reached a resolution, it has been running in the opposite direction. Ren also strong do nothing, He enjoyed the bureaucratic management system of interest. As against the line on the roll out of the entrepreneurs, Ren is not so easily fooled by rhetoric in front, even though they look impeccable rhetoric. In immature, Tao unlucky or he can is a retreat, but do not doubt that profound insight. That is his soul and life. Zhengfei caught alone. As a soldier, he used to hear people calling artillery guns, not to hear the guns people to question the guns. company in development, but had to play a strong team culture, in order to guard against the risks that may allow them to question all of the things they do not understand. The checks and balances, has played a positive role, but also fed the habit and inertia. as the frog in warm water I do not know dates of death draws near, those resorting to eating the executives salary, big organization does not know the competitiveness of enterprises will crumble. breaking the shackles of thinking scissors, paste plus Ren motion at the meeting, but a eureka moment thing. However, very few people can grasp the depth of touch to the Ren. They have been a lot of experience and the rules are binding, and they do not have the freedom and joy and Ren, Ren the edge of a farm and no one kind of force mm from the conclusions of thinking, the overall goal of simplistic thinking and thinking. Ren seen rapid growth in the effectiveness of the company, while the power center of his dependence is also enhanced. people tend to revel in this species of the benefits of enhanced, but did not really think, and this depends on crisis: the team stopped the independent observation and independent thinking.'s habit and a series of prejudices, has become a big mountain, a maze of mind, hard to easy look at things in a freely.'s disease has hit an inert body of the enterprise. Ren aware that this has been seriously polluted, full of second-hand goods in the world, and even his senior management team, including himself, have been accustomed to receiving second-hand goods, began to second-hand warm comfortable feeling of the sea. forget, these second-hand goods, has been away from the real world, has been difficult to reflect the real world, has become a real grasp of the maze. This fan impaired not only covering the Huawei executives, as well as covering the more people. has burst, Vice Mayor of Kaifeng in Kaifeng City, the General Assembly, the high-profile announcement . lashed to the Deputy Mayor that the secretary of the drafting of speeches, and the vice mayor as prominent: with a short prepared speeches are not their own, you can do! seems this is a chance event, in fact, This is very representative of an event. is not only a deputy mayor and secretary's speech almost all bureaucrats have to copy. Plagiarism has become an overwhelming trend. This atmosphere is so fierce, scientific experiments that we are no longer a separate experiment, but experimental cloning over other people's trouble. As for our business, it is commonplace, fresh and innovative. Now the board chairman and CEO, met problem, the problem will naturally to his team. team after receiving the command, the machine will start the team began to find wide. will think of ways previously accumulated, directly online to download, or will think of looking for consulting firms to provide Consultation Report. divide the company's operations fully consulting firm, received the order, they will find work before the end of the case, the issue will go to learn from other companies, will go to the general mode of operation. These companies do not understand the operation of project personnel, but in a format that within the framework of the operation of the company to add the information needed. Finally, the company boss and then based on these second-hand materials to make a decision. no one exhausting effort to carry out independent observations and independent thinking, and scissors, paste this plus the paradigms have been flooded. The real crisis is that people stop independent observation and independent thinking. Our minds have been filled with second-hand goods north and south of the things that can not be identified. Our range of habits and prejudices, has been the formation of a mountain, a maze of mind, people lost the opportunity to capture sharp. At first, a live stubborn, evolved into a unique Technical Director of departure of young, once made a few timid souls wide choice of permanent, even through its deterrent Huawei's walls. once a scholar in a popular financial magazine made a cover story about Huawei. He from Beijing Journal of departure forgot. Huawei can think of newsstands around the city to buy a new magazine. However, each has a number of the magazine's newsstand sales, but in any case can not find the new magazine. ask to know that these smart vendor, see the cover story of Huawei, Huawei can not determine whether the favorable report, So they simply do not carry the magazine. avoid causing incalculable consequences. Huawei city gradually turned into a kingdom. He was once a hotbed of intoxicated on the centralization of power. from marketing, R & D, manufacturing line fought by the people, aware of what went wrong. He saw that today with the bustle of people on the line , no longer had fought in the front line when he started the passion and sensitivity. executives do not understand the front line, but have too many rights and resources. In order to control operational risk, and naturally a lot of process control set points, and do not willing to authorize. As a result, a huge bureaucratic system gradually formed in Huawei. have the authority to ensure that the order around the things set up, more rational with the real conflict, the conflict with the true things. Zhengfei was choking bad! He imposed on him to break free of all chains! even these chains is a byproduct of his success at the expense! he knew it was the only way the creator. do not want to be their own organization to eliminate the are learned from the war, the truth of their language and the power of ideas; they get conservation in the war, but because peace has been ruined; be educated through the war, he was deceived by peace; through war by training, he was peace abandoned; a word, they born in the war, died in peace. senior managers away from the side, turned to lower the middle management level. middle managers are still in the upward trend, unifying them to do things sensible. They do not have the risk of acute high-level managers, and more from the top do something different. in the middle position, far fewer scruples on the location, some more communication between the upper and lower feelings, it can have a look at the overall sense of the top problems. They quickly grasped the problem of Ren: You just stressed executives to go on line to close, and not to adjust the flow of resources from the top down and hierarchical structure, how will the results you want? like to think of Ren, once captured the discourse of middle managers the amount of information. The key is to abandon the mindset from top to bottom, to counter the specific operational needs from the starting line leaving the post, only because first-line operational needs exist. not to push the system adjusted to the main to pull-based system, to strengthen the team's decision-making power line, is very realistic. In push systems, resource control in the upper, is a powerful driving force in pushing centralized, some useless processes, some not the necessary positions, some miscellaneous personnel, will be in a security control point to get the value of survival. And once the , put it cut off. reason is simple, but really want to practice on the complex. any place where people have the urge to build the temple. the process of making the temple, the platform to expand, their strength is also widening. a 5,000 platform and a platform for 3 people, is quite different. always some reason to make a platform of organizational inertia in accordance with the expansion. In order to ensure the effective functioning of institutional integrity, the department, more and more people, more and more dry live less. senior executives began to rely on his team, a bureaucratic began to spread. Why do organizations often overstaffed, is full of incompetent people in power? the 20th century, the three most influential for the management Master Engineer Edward Major. Murphy, Lawrence educators. Peter, historian North Gould. Parkinson's, Murphy's Law was proposed, respectively, Peter Principle and Parkinson's law analysis of such phenomena. mm Murphy said that this is human behavior, people tend not to do the job. If there is a possibility will mess up things to some people will mess it out. God Guicha, most did not want the result is bound to occur. mm Peter Principle is further explained, is not competent is an established reality, is a sign of successful business people. any organization, each employee will eventually be promoted to the position of incompetence. Each job will eventually be the incompetent staff control. a person in an organization, the Association reached the ceiling of his promotion, the limit is not competent. people are not lazy, but the capacity of the border. mm and Parkinson's law stresses that incompetence is a kind of bureaucratic inertia dictates, the bureaucrats in the deliberate creation of incompetence. So, Parkinson's law stressed: staff led to increased workload. because management activities will create their own work. work does not necessarily seem less rambling affair, on the contrary he may be busy than anyone else. If there is only such a logic, the only way a force at work , then the situation was not irreversible. Unfortunately, there are many other factors in the world in the role, which give birth to a vibrant world. the reality is full of Parkinson's Law and the Peter Principle challenger. Ren is representative of them one. he wants to fight is based on the growth in the scale of production out of the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had given him no doubt a great convenience, but now he saw them high up, and may gradually set Huawei in suffocation. If there is one bad thing may be the result of practice to promote such an outcome will be some shape. It is such a wake, so he sent a deafening cry. according to Murphy, Peter, and Parkinson's found any business organization under the power of the upper and lower double, everyone will eventually achieve the incompetent, the organization will eventually be overwhelmed by their own bureaucracy. Zhengfei to escape this fate. he wants to fight! been Liger he did not destroy, more willing to be himself destroyed. He knew a lot of people are not willing to be eliminated. These people are not at the president office, not headquarters building, and they have a company active in a business start-site 2 million years ago, when the .20 scenes flashing before his eyes. He was looking for a breakthrough point. created from the first line is always God will have the site they will not hesitate to come to the scene. for a long time thinking the problem is not determined, in the Libya visit, in discussion with the management and staff, everything they are bright. Libya and North Africa by Huawei, of course, with no domestic human resources available. This often requires more than one person can. from Huawei to see, here is a small customer. and from every customer to see, is an important national authorities. These departments typically have a comprehensive problem faster judgments and conclusions the first time need to come up with solutions and delivery of programs. the needs of customers in many ways. contact with customers should be a generalist. Practice has repeatedly proved by the account manager, problem resolution experts, commissioning experts, composed of three a group, may be the most efficient. The three men together, can talk about any issues related to engineering contracts, on-site final decision. This highly efficient model for customers like it. Libya triangle structure, the middle Ren wants. to customers managers, expert solutions, delivery experts triangle combat units, effectively solve customer problems.'s operations in each business field, there is a triangle of structural problems. This kind of project-centered mode of operation is a multi-functional problem-solving group. any organization, any level of organization, is looking for goals, finding opportunities and the opportunities into results. North Africa significance of the practice, to those who grasp the opportunity to direct war, and not the people who control resources to direct the war. awarded first-line team of independent thinking and the pursuit of the best power protection to the rear is just starting. so changed by the push-pull, is a far-reaching look normal revolution. centralization of small units to avoid the blind to compete for resources, competition for resources, mainly for the opportunity to capture the process of enterprise development is a must. But once the business development strategy of winning beyond the stage of first-line center and the coordination and promotion, and become critical. Ren's pull is not something new. Toyota in the early 1950s, began to adopt a .1950, is the way Toyota started in Japan, when the difficulties encountered unimaginable today. At that time Toyota has been hosted by the bank, the company at the edge of collapse. Kiichiro Toyoda, founder of the bank because of the pressure rushing 1,500 layoffs resigned. difficulties, Toyota executives expect the U.S. auto industry to learn. They went to the United States around the turn, and is given the opposite. They saw the U.S. automotive giant, there is too much money, too much equipment, too large a production line. They have mountains of stock, there can be thousands of on vehicles manufactured car in the warehouse. they have the strength of the pampered, there are capital goods store. These are not associated with Toyota. No money, no equipment, no skills, no order, but still want to build cars, only to rely on edge of a farm is the front-line employees and creativity. no money to hoard goods, can only abandon the push mode of production, only production of the order of the cars. Toyota site, nor so much equipment, problems can be scientifically rigorous investigation. they can only live in the problem, by the sensitive front-line staff, to miss the point. if there are problems, does not delay the issue of employees that can stop the production line running. to stop the production line open and the power to front-line staff, is a bold attempt, there is no way to approach. Who would have thought those were forced out of practice: produce only what is needed (JIT) and the line from �P down (from �P of), actually Toyota became the world-famous way of two wheels. Toyota several decades, and finally forging the most attractive manufacturing production. is the pull production, Toyota has been making money, reduce inventory, improve efficiency, increased effectiveness. pull is wonderful. U.S. auto industry executives have noticed in the 1970s, the benefits of pull, but a few years later, until the result of the financial crisis, the near collapse of several major auto giants U.S. auto industry has not learned the Toyota pull production. because the pull is anti-bureaucratic production of bones, is the bureaucratic system does not recognize. and those who for many years and finally boiled silk clothing and food executives, in any case can not give up vital interests. So, year after year, without any change. Ren Toyota has a unique way of preference. He had several study visits to Toyota. his famous article How to write out after the winter. most people went to Japan to study Toyota may be indulging in a range of tools, and Ren concern is the mind behind the Toyota way. on the This one, he has a strong resonance. He always wanted to maintain the momentum of a creator, always want to let all the front-line employees of Huawei have become the most powerful creator. frontline decision-making team of the bear Each behavior is a result of the will graduated into the company, after several years of work, corporate executives often think assume that the lack of staff. In fact, not a lack of staff assume, is the company never assume the staff as a person. companies do not give them the opportunity to bear , did not create the bear culture. fire is a cost, who called the fire, who must bear the responsibility and fire calls for the cost. frontline employees can call for artillery fire, but the license is easy to form a culture of courage to bear hard. Everyone are talking about licensing, everyone talking about flat. But our organization has chosen to flatter the voice in the increasingly bloated. frontline employees can be considered to do all day, how to do it. The executives have to constantly consider what can not do, what is at risk. executives taking on more risk in decision-making. To control risk, more and more power is not delegated but concentrated. frontline teams often lack a holistic thinking, they only understand a part, there is no way assume the overall risk. Over time, resources intensive enterprises will become a popular consensus in the daily management. Zhengfei too familiar with this type of conflict, while strong, he is precisely the key point in these once hesitant and swing. It is also Why Huawei bureaucracy even in the most hated Ren bureaucratic expansion under the eyes of a little bit up. on the front line team, no one can insufferably arrogant, but some people can stand a high risk to strengthen centralized control. Therefore, given to independent thinking and the most front-line staff Best of the right, in the Chinese business community is always a good wishes of floating, hard floor. from out of the Ren line veteran, on the bureaucratic system is a natural guard, on the front line team has a close emotional. He was too familiar with the operation of the business. start, the answer is always in the field can easily be accepted. It is a breakthrough in a business field, making the enterprises have made great progress. However, as the business grows, more and more alienated from the leadership business site, a series of old experiences and prejudices, began thinking about managers, instead of the site close to the line. unconsciously, the formation of a bureaucratic gas. The cause and effect is so natural, that had insisted all the answers are the founder of the field, but also unconsciously be biased covering the mud that the true moment to moment. How authorization to the front line, while guaranteeing the overall efficiency of the bear? North Africa operation is not philosophy, not thinking, not the mind , but an excellent practical results. Huawei North Africa, the practice, with emphasis on evaluation index setting. on the front line trio of teams is the assessment of their effective growth, profits, cash flow, the per capita benefits, the average per capita benefits line so marked. These indicators can also assessing patches, product lines, departments, regional department, office and so on. gross profit, cash flow, price, effective growth of the other fixed target, usually the terms of assessment of large companies. Some state-owned enterprises, dozens of billion in sales, the assessment is not a profit center. The little trio of North Africa, there are indicators of the profit assessment. Of course, these profits, cash flow and price terms have a clear mandate. frontline team only a certain amount of money on a unique and direct control over. For example, the value of 100 or 1,000 million allocation of resources such as the right. In Ren view, the specific amount authorized is not important, it is important to establish a culture so as to form a strong field, so that any one business scene is full of bear, the creator of passion and change. frontline team and company executives can form a harmony relationship. focus on the last one eliminated the senior management cadre, from the front line selection of executives. those who lost because of off-site long line problem solving ability, that is, those not in the daily work of implementing the eliminated by the sludge. line to the front-line customer service manager who transformed the team. teams from the account manager, solution specialists and delivery experts. Account Managers need to strengthen customer relationships, solutions, financing and terms of payment, and delivery of integrated ability to multi-skill solutions experts, are not familiar with the area of their assistance should also open up the channels. delivery experts to have clear communication with customers, engineering solutions and services capabilities, while the background can be committed to capacity and delivery process well aware of the link. Technica customer alignment is the purpose of profit, which is the backbone and soul. rear coordination difficulties, it is often complained about the team from the front line. Ren pointed out that the reason behind the general coordination: the process has issues, organizational settings there is a problem of ideology in question, a problem of mutual trust, non-core business cadres do not understand the main problem. For these problems, both need to find a key to improving the efficiency of front-line team, they need to find a the rear platform, the key to efficient service front. two of the key, is the edge of a farm power culture. should force the company built on the edge of a farm basis, it is important to establish the company of three ...
Monday, February 21, 2011
Advertising strategy - advertising media (mass media, the main types and characteristics)
Print media, newspapers, television and broadcast media represent the advertisers to reach audiences in the major media of available time. Although we said that the new media advertising is growing, integrated marketing communication more and more popular, there are still the majority of advertising to invest in the traditional print and broadcast media, in addition, most of the creative efforts and funds are spent on print and on radio and television advertising campaign. not every brand must use multi-media advertising, new media advertising, interactive ads, or ads to the database made significant communication and sales effectiveness. Although the new medium has many attractive opportunities, but the print and broadcast media will still be in the future become the basis of most advertising campaigns. of this chapter will explain why these media mean for advertisers, with the transmission so rich.
media
newspaper is a newspaper first appeared in the mass media, although the development of the media as television, newspapers, subject to the influence of a certain impact, but still a very important day One of the advertising media.
(a) the type of media newspaper newspapers
large number of different characteristics can be divided according to different types.
1. according to the different distribution and coverage, newspapers can be divided for the national newspaper and local newspapers.
national newspapers for national distribution, publishes the contents of the national general interest readers, the general circulation of the larger;
mainly for the local newspaper issued a city or region, publishes with the local social life is closely related to the contents of the general circulation is relatively small.
2. in accordance with the publication cycle of the different papers can be divided into the Journal Newspapers, Journal Newspapers Tuesday, Wednesday Journal newspaper on Thursday Journal newspaper and so on.
3. in accordance with the publication of the different time, newspapers can be divided into Morning Post, Daily News, Evening News, weekend edition of the newspaper.
Morning Post, the city is generally local newspaper, the main issue for the local people, published in the morning, published the day before the main news and local content is closely related to people's lives.
Evening major issue for local people. a small amount of a long history, relatively large influence on both subscription and the Evening News in the national retail, Evening in the afternoon publication, published the same day with local news and the content of life of the people close to the family-based readers.
Daily general release in the morning, a local daily newspaper, also has a national daily newspaper. local daily newspaper is generally the main local newspaper. Daily The day before the main news published.
edit a variety of special weekend edition of the newspaper can be in the weekend issue, the content more relaxed and lively, more readable, reading rate is normally higher.
4. in accordance with the contents of the different newspapers can be divided into political newspaper, newspaper economics, life service class newspapers, sports newspapers, trade newspapers.
political newspaper based in political news, and and the economic, cultural and social life and so rich in content the reader a wide range;
economics major newspapers to business people as readers, published economic news, discussion of economic issues, comprehensive economic newspaper covering all aspects of economic life, economic newspapers focus on professional financial, securities, investment, all aspects of business management.
Lifestyle major newspapers published the contents of the service of life, attention at home, food, clothing, fashion, entertainment and various life topics, content, relaxed and lively, with strong guidance of life. With improvement of living standards and the growing concern about the quality of life, life service class newspaper with a gradual increase.
sports newspapers to sports news, sports events and sports arrangements and other content-based results of reviews often have many very loyal readers.
industry newspaper publishes an industry news, trends, policies and other aspects, the reader is generally people in the industry, readers concerned about the high readership is relatively stable.
off and four newspapers generally use On two pages, there are two kinds of black and white and color printing, Living Newspaper general use four open layout, color printing, four other newspapers to use more open layout, some pages black and white printing, color printing some of the space.
as a whole increasing the amount of information society, information needs of the audience continues to increase, demand for improved quality of life, the newspaper appeared in the media following the development of a clear trend:
one layout increased continuously enrich the content. After Since reform and opening times extended version of the newspaper boom, most of the newspapers has reached a dozen version, a small number of service class life has reached dozens of newspaper version, and even the 100 version, published in the content, but also richer.
Second Newspaper increased service class urban life, the content covers almost all aspects of urban life and details.
third volume of newspapers, so the newspaper office is no longer just a medium.
(b) of the newspaper media propagation characteristics of the visual media
newspaper, by printing text on paper in the plane, pictures, colors, layout and other symbols to transmit information, the use of visual for people to read. This is the greatest feature of the newspaper media, compared with other media The most distinct characteristic differences, other features are the basis of this feature.
strong preservation of newspapers, information fixed-lasting, can be retained and repeated reading, widely circulated.
the preservation of strong, durable fixed information, can be repeatedly read, so the newspaper is interpreted medium for conveying depth information.
selective newspaper readers, read the order, time, location, speed, levels of detail by the reader to decide.
regional newspapers fixed, circulation and stability, to ensure that the expected arrival rate of information.
(c) the characteristics of media audiences newspapers
strong regional newspaper audience and the relative concentration of: a media release newspapers, always in a relatively within a fixed area, thus showing a strong regional audience and the relative concentration of the state.
audience to receive information in the driving position: the audience will be free to choose the newspaper reading time and reading sections.
audience in focus receive status: Because the press access to the audience the visual, the audience can not read at the same time in other activities, so in a more relaxed state of focus of the receiver.
to form a stable audience: newspapers and the media each have relatively fixed subscribers and buyers, and because of the relative stability of the positioning of the press, of information of a higher degree of audience will care about the long-term, repeatedly choose the same one newspaper, so the audience of newspapers is relatively stable.
the newspaper With text communication, asking readers to be educated, and limited readership.
newspaper publishing time, it is easy to make the newspaper as part of the law of public life.
(d) of the main types of newspaper ads and layout specifications < br> Just as there are different types of paper, like newspaper ads have different types, such as display ads, inserts ads and classified ads.
display ads.
advertisers rely mainly on display ads, newspaper display ads ( Display Advertising) components using standard print ads - title, text, often have illustrations - make their own news content and the formation of different newspapers. display advertising is an important form of joint advertising, cooperative advertising (Co-op Advertising ), if the local dealer in the ad highlights the manufacturer's brand, then, manufacturers have to pay part of the media costs. joint advertising can also be launched nationwide. Intel annual subsidies to those in their ad performance ; Intel Inside There are two forms of advertising inserts, one is pre-printed inserts (Preprinted Insert), is printed entirely in advance, you can clip right into the newspaper ads; the other is stand-alone insert (Free-standing Insert, referred to as FSI), reduction by a variety of merchandise with coupons, usually issued together with the Sunday supplements.
classified advertising.
classified ads (Classified Advertising) means by category - such as sporting goods, jobs and cars - in the form of text messages newspaper ads. many classified ads published by individuals, but real estate companies, auto dealers and construction companies also publish classified ads.
newspaper media commercials, generally full-page, half-, quarter version, banner, double-pass bar, half-banner, such as several layout specifications. through bar is across the entire width of newspapers, a high altitude is one-fifth of newspapers, newspapers can be divided into five full-page banner, banner for the double two-pass column height, version of a banner was a banner the width of the half. classifieds specifications generally bar / cm or purely cm calculation. In addition, the newspaper still in the seam, to the eye, and other special advertising position. reported eye located in the upper right corner of the front page with the header corresponding to the position, is the most eye-catching ad spaces, specifications generally slightly less than half banner, the price is higher than half banner.
(e) newspaper as an advertising medium of the advantages and disadvantages
newspaper propagation characteristics and determine the characteristics of the audience to receive the newspaper as an advertising medium has some advantages, but also has some disadvantages.
1. the advantages of newspapers as an advertising medium:
geographically targeted.
the United States Daily all towns that advertisers can reach the geographic scope of a clear target audience, some newspapers are trying to release cell version, aimed at the market with a big city. for the narrow geographical range, distribution range for the region's businessmen are usually used Community Edition, while national advertising carriers can also use these papers to the delivery of free samples of these small areas.
timeliness.
in all mainstream media, newspapers are one of the most timely media, due to the production standard newspaper ads and daily the short time required for publishing content, so the newspaper can make the ads in a timely manner to reach their target audience, but this does not mean that we must arrive in days, newspaper ads with the major basis for special events or social special events. < br> Creative opportunities.
Although the scope for creativity as newspapers radio and television media so much, but the newspaper is to give advertisers the opportunity to provide important ideas. Since the layout of the newspaper is relatively large, relatively cheap, so advertisers can use relatively low cost to the target audience to pass a lot of information, for those characteristics of complex, diverse, long and detailed copy needs to be expressed clearly in terms of products and services, it is very important. Many newspapers trying to develop a special version for the advertising targeted approach to improve their goal.
reputation.
So far, newspapers can still use it on the newspaper's view: social image of most newspapers, as advertising has created an enabling environment.
audience interest.
newspaper readers are reading the information of their interest. keep at the newspaper readers are more interested in the faithful readers, many newspaper readers specifically look at the local shop to buy on sale what is commodities, which gives local distributors to create an ideal environment.
costs.
from in terms of both production and layout, newspaper belong to low-cost media, newspapers, contact with the unit cost may be higher than the television and radio, but even relatively small advertising budget, but also enough to pay the cost of publishing the absolute black and white ads.
2. newspapers as an advertising medium disadvantages:
Life is short
as the majority of daily newspapers, issuing frequent, many newspapers the next day readers will no longer be concerned about, it is easy to be discarded, so the media and magazines than read the newspaper ad is less likely to repeatedly to remind the relatively small role.
creative limitations of the lack of magazine ads
fine newspaper, the lack of vivid television advertisements is difficult to fully demonstrate the product's physical characteristics and dynamic, appealing and attractive to small. newspapers to use more newsprint printing, printing effect is not beautiful, it is not suitable for display exquisite luxurious, colorful ads for products.
by readers of the same selectivity as the reader, the reader may choose not to read ads. As readers Culture level and limited distribution channels newspaper, newspaper readership is very limited in rural areas, rural areas are not suitable for the majority of the ads published.
poor reproducibility
often only one of the newspaper published an advertisement in a unified enterprise, and broadcast and than television ads are not effective in one day repeat reminder as radio and television media.
subdivision limitations
While newspapers with better targeted geographically, but it is the ability to target specific audiences stop here , newspaper circulation is too general and includes a variety of economic conditions, social class and demographic characteristics of the audience, can not be separated from specific targets. In some pages of advertising is difficult to target audience, gender, and even made such efforts, there will not be any results. Some of the feature pages of newspapers are being developed to enhance their ability to breakdown.
chaotic environment in the same newspaper often published on the same page multiple ads, so Advertising can be read by the greater impact of other advertising. Moreover, the newspaper rich content, min version of schedule, the full title, subtitle, pictures, and announcements, not to mention the news reported. Advertising is often placed in secondary pages, the reader concerned relatively low degree of advertising easier to ignore. This gives advertisers face a very messy environment, worse, the same type of products, advertisers have always wanted to use the same layout to reach target audiences.
tool list -10: Mainland China's media profile
two newspapers magazines and newspapers media
Media Magazine as the media, but also a long history of mass media.
(a) the type of media magazine magazines media has
different classification criteria:
in accordance with the publication cycle of the different magazines can be divided into weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly.
magazine's publication cycle is shorter, the timeliness of the content of the stronger, the longer publication cycle, timeliness for the worse.
according to the different readers, magazines and general magazines and objects can be divided into journals.
general magazines are defined by their indiscriminate targeting of ordinary readers of magazines; < br> object of the magazine is based on common characteristics with the readers of a magazine for the object. the object of the magazine also covers the general object of the two types of magazines and professional journals. the general object of the magazine focused on gender or age of the readers, women's magazines, old magazines, youth magazines, etc.; professional magazine for the professional or occupation-specific readers, such as Entrepreneur magazine, medical journals and so on. flight magazine is a special object of the magazine, it issued by the airline to the passengers as the main audience. Compared with the general magazines, journals have a more stable target readership.
in accordance with the contents of the different magazines can be divided into news magazines, financial magazines, business magazines, family magazines, sports magazines , travel and leisure magazines, fashion magazines, music magazines, television and magazines.
news magazine - the news and current affairs as its main content;
financial magazine - the economic, commercial, financial, finance as the main content;
Management Magazine - the business as its main content;
family magazines - to family life as the main content;
sports magazine - the sport as the main content;
travel and leisure magazine - Travel leisure as the main content;
fashion magazine - the clothes, makeup, fashion items as the main content;
Music Magazine - The main content of human music and music magazines;
video magazine - the Movie Star as the main content and so on.
issued in accordance with the scope, magazine and can be divided into international magazines, national magazines, regional magazines.
some famous fashion magazine, is an international magazine.
most of the magazine is a national magazine.
some of the magazine decided it can only be issued in a given region, known as regional magazines.
magazine usually color printing, there are 32 open format, open big 32, 16 open, large 16 open, 8 to open and so are several, of which 16 are international popular open format specifications.
with the printing technology, consumption levels increase, the development of information dissemination, development of the media magazine show the following several trends:
First, more and more sophisticated materials, printing more and more beautiful, there has been a large number of full-color printing coated paper, , the general object of the magazine has developed rapidly;
Third, the rapid development of lifestyle magazines, but also cultivate a large number of stable readers.
these new trends, have contributed to the magazine advertisers, media selection and use.
(b) of the propagation characteristics of the media magazine magazines media and newspaper media
same print media, the propagation characteristics have much in common:
magazine is the visual media, by printing text on paper in the plane , pictures, colors, layout and other symbols to transmit information.
magazine to save the mass media in a variety of the strongest, most durable of information, you can keep a long time, repeated reading, widely circulated. Among them, the magazine's publication of the longer period , the longer the preservation magazine.
strong as preservation, information fixed-lasting, can be read and reread, interpreted the magazine is the media for conveying depth information.
selective magazine readers. read the order, time, location, speed, levels of detail by the reader to decide.
regional fixed magazine, circulation and stability, to ensure that information is expected to reach.
(c) the characteristics of media audiences
magazine magazine audience generally have a stable subscription and buying habits, very stable readership.
readers at the time of active status, will be free to choose the reading time and reading sections.
readers are very focused and the audience's visual access to the magazine The audience can not read at the same time in other activities, so the magazine's readers for the information in a more relaxed state of focus of the receiver.
audience on a very high degree of concern the content, the same print media, many newspaper readers browse in reading, but the magazine is very careful readers.
word spread through the magazine, asking readers to be educated, and limited readership.
magazine publishing time, it is easy to read, as readers of the law of life part.
(d) magazine ad slots, layout specifications and purchase
magazines usually provide the inside front cover (the back cover), Inside Back Cover (back cover on the back), back cover, inside pages of advertising slots, Advertising layout specifications, usually full-page, half-, half version, a quarter version, sixth edition, such as several, inside front, inside back cover, back cover is generally published in full-page ad, inside page ad you can include different specifications.
magazine page with a fixed binding order, and can not move, so the magazine's ad spaces are often directly affects the rate advertising attention, but also directly affect the advertised price. In general, the highest price back , the second closure, inside back cover again, the lowest price inside slots.
each magazine has a price list, indicating the full page, half-page, two columns, one column and half the price column, while also marked black and white, color overlay, and the price of color printing, and newspapers, as the magazine is the magazine's price list has been standard pricing method. But in recent years, more and more advertisers, the magazine is willing to consult with the price and quantities to give advertisers a significant discount. In addition to the standard price, the magazine also bleeding Edition (Bleed Page) extra charge. The so-called bleeding version of the background color of the ads has been extended to the edge of the layout to replace the Standard white edge. leaflet advertising (Gatefold Ads) is a wide advertising, these ads have to pay an additional fee, advertisers often use high-end folding inside front cover magazine.
when buying magazine layout Advertisers must make trade-offs in the layout position, if the purchase Press optional position, your ad may appear anywhere in the magazine and let the Press disposal, but advertisers can also buy optional position, such as: Cover (First Cover Page), inside front cover (Second Cover page), Cover (Third Cover page) and back (Fourth Cover Page). If advertisers plan to buy cross-page ad (Double-page Spreads), which spans two pages ads, then advertisers should be noted that the mouth must not set the title or body of the arrangement, because this is the magazine folded seams.
magazine layout requires advertisers to buy a few strict compliance with regulations, and pay attention to several key dates . Layout Contract (Space Contract) provides advertisers in the given period the price of a magazine advertising; layout known as insertion orders notice was commissioned by the magazine advertisers in a magazine advertising the notice of the order usually layout with instructions to the production of advertising. Advertisers should note the following dates:
deadline of (Closing Date): the preparation of advertising material published in the magazine to be delivered to date.
Release Date (On-sale Date) : the magazine of the magazine sent to subscribers or newsstand date, most of the magazine's issue date is significantly earlier than the date of the cover.
cover date (Cover Date): the date of publication of the magazine printed.
( e) magazine as an advertising medium of the strengths and weaknesses
1. Journal of the advantages as an advertising medium
in the four media, magazines seems to be using less of the advertising medium, but its propagation characteristics, audience characteristics of the decision the magazine is a highly effective advertising medium. Many analysts believe that in many ways, magazines and even radio and television media is also advantageous over.
targeted audience.
and other media - print or broadcast television - - compared to a fixed magazine with more editorial direction, read more fixed and certain demographic characteristics, can be for advertisers to provide a clear choice direction, and then targeting the ability of highly segmented audience. This sub-population to sub- statistical characteristics, lifestyle or special interest as the basis. Audience Segmentation can be down to the very narrow range, can also span a variety of broad interest to the group. magazine also has a geographic specific, such as the events occurred in most areas reported focus of the magazine. In addition, large national magazines, so advertisers can also choose different versions, such as the United States, Better Home & Gardens 85 different versions.
audience interest.
perhaps, relative to other media ratio, the magazine is attractive because of their content and audience, while television can also be points of interest to attract audiences, but the magazine's audience, but it will voluntarily read the ads. readers focus on serious, strong persuasive advertising. people who play golf naturally have the kind of propaganda in Golf Digest interested in golf equipment, and automotive enthusiasts will be published in Car and Driver that the ads are very attractive vehicle accessories.
creative opportunities.
magazine to advertisers to provide a broad creative space, the magazine ad size can make the changes happen, you can use colors, use of white space, can maintain the audience's interest, therefore, it offers advertisers an environment conducive to creativity. In addition, because most of the magazine paper quality is very good, and therefore the effect of color reproduction is also very good for high-care goods and fine degree of commercial advertising. This is a magazine and a creative edge. In order to further expand the magazine's creative space, and some advertisers also tried a variety of other creative skills, such as: automatic pop-up ads, advertising friction San taste with perfume ads section, and even with a tiny computer chip that can play music or flashing lights advertising.
long life.
Some magazines Journal readers will preserve a one up, which means, and various newspapers and magazines can be read after a week or a month, some magazine readers will long retained for future reference. magazine In addition to long-life exposure can increase the chance of my readers, but also can increase the number of secondary readers. Many magazines now are better revenue and readership.
magazine layout as small, few arrangements for multiple ads, advertising is not vulnerable to the impact of other advertising.
interpretative media, for advertisements published in the complex information, advertising information and explain the instructions fully.
selective as readers, so comparisons are not as easy as radio and television audience generated on the ads that appear suddenly reverse psychology.
Readers higher level of education, strong purchasing power.
magazines feature focused, clear and suitable for appealing to a very focused ad.
2. magazine as disadvantages of advertising media:
magazine disadvantage with their arrival is too targeted and magazines related to the growth itself.
reach and frequency limitations of the magazine said before
advantage of actually targeted but also to the magazine brings some limitations, by the more detailed sub-groups, magazines reach total audiences less. As the magazine publishing period of one month or two weeks, therefore, difficult to advertisers with a magazines to frequent appearance of the results. To overcome this limitation, advertisers often take advantage of several magazines aimed at the same goal. magazine readers have limited level of education, while higher prices of magazines, as well as restrictions on distribution channels, not for advertising in rural areas.
not like newspapers magazines clutter
crowded so messy, but they are also very poor information transmission environment. general magazine articles on politics and general entertainment content from the composition, generally formed by advertising, but some professional magazine advertising content actually as high as 80%. This will make the advertising component of the natural audience for small groups to face direct competition between brands. In addition to overcrowding in this mess, the magazine recently encountered another form of clutter crowding: Once a new market, soon there will be a number of advertising may be ignored.
advertising effectiveness advertising effects
uneven uneven, the back cover, inside front cover, back cover advertising and special ad inserts easier to draw attention to the other pages of advertising can easily be ignored, Add black and white in color advertising page ads can easily be ignored.
magazine asked for a long time advertisers in the magazine sent 90 days before the ad, if advertisers miss the turnaround period, then the next Advertising may be delayed for a whole month. Moreover, once sent to magazine advertising, in that 90 days would not be able to make any changes, even if there was a major event, communication environment has changed, and advertising material can not be changed.
cost Although the magazine unit
cost is not, as some media exposure (especially direct mail) so high, but higher than most newspapers, but also many times higher than the radio and television. put an insert in the magazine and sometimes the absolute cost people can not afford to be high. And, because of limited magazine, circulation rate, less direct subscribers, in particular a number of professional journals, it is difficult to grasp the reader's case, the relative increase of the advertising cost per thousand.
poor reproducibility
often only the same issue of the magazine published an advertisement in a unified enterprise, compared with radio and television, advertising can not be valid in one day repeat reminder as radio and television media.
(six ) magazine's future
in the past 10-15 years, the magazine has experienced Huqihuluo history. Currently, the magazine has increased revenue and pages, and advertisers, the magazine also found very suitable for their present strengths needs. future of magazines as an advertising medium are mainly two factors:
first, and other media like magazines must decide how to adapt to the new media environment. Journal of the number of forms has several advantages: First, Publishers can access the electronic form to a different sub-groups, namely, a group well known to readers of the network; Secondly, because there is no paper costs, greatly reduce the cost issue, so publishers can achieve low cost; again, some advertisers may will find the digital version does not print the ads so much, and thus more conducive to advertising.
from the perspective of readers, readers can easily through their own personal computer access to digital magazines, then through a standard keyword search means the reader can browse the paper. for environmentalists, the digital magazine without recycling. Finally, for those who have always dealing with the computer or Internet content magazine readers, the digital magazine is the best, the most popular magazine form.
Some analysts believe that online advertising if you want to be successful, must have affinity to be interactive, educational or recreational. In fact proved feasible before publishing online magazine, advertisers will continue to use traditional media forms.
affect the future of the magazine The second factor is the magazine between the mergers and acquisitions. In recent years, the magazine industry happens every year a dozen mergers and takeovers, the buyer tried to get two kinds of benefits from the acquisition: scale traditional print publications and new media outlets.
tool list -11: Mainland China magazine media profile
three broadcast media broadcast by radio or wire transmission time to vast areas of voice, images mass media programs. only broadcast sound, known as said The advertisers, broadcasting has become one of their media plans necessary ingredients. Why all walks of life regard the broadcast as advertisers to reach target audiences by means of which one must have reason, now let us look at What are the different advertisers can use the broadcast media.
(a) of the broadcast media in accordance with the type of
the different modes of transmission, broadcasting can be divided into cable broadcasting and radio broadcasting.
wire or cable through the optical fiber radio The distribution network consisting of wired transmission, the radio signals transmitted directly to the user's regional radio receiving equipment.
radio waves transmitted by radio broadcasts programs.
cable broadcasting, mainly in rural areas and small towns, Communication is limited. advertising medium currently used mainly radio broadcast.
in accordance with the modulation of different ways, can be divided into FM radio and AM radio broadcasting.
according to the wavelength used can be divided into long-wave radio, AM radio, shortwave radio, FM broadcasting.
competition because the mass media, audience interest in the differentiation, Broadcast is a specialized trend. professional radio audience in certain aspects to provide specialized services to a specific range of content . At present there is a professional radio news station, education units, Sports, Arts Desk, music station, transport units, desk and so on. As specific content of programs broadcast, professional radio generally has a stable audience, audience interest is relatively fixed.
(b) the propagation characteristics of the broadcast media is hearing
broadcast media: the use of sound symbols to sound language as the main means of communication, access to human hearing, which is broadcasting the most fundamental features. a human voice telling things, to convey emotion, extremely rich, real and believable. You can also increase the use of music and sound sense of the scene shows that the three-dimensional sense, spatial sense, situational, it has strong appeal.
velocity fast, time-sensitive: the content broadcast by radio transmission, 300,000 kilometers per second, broadcast voice and the audience hear the sound is almost synchronous. production, transport, receive a simple, timely, living first in a variety of mass media.
a wide range of communication: the transmission of radio waves from space distance, geography, weather, traffic, natural disasters and other factors, so the communication range widely over the print media.
broad audience: the public's listening is not the time space, audience and cultural ...
media
newspaper is a newspaper first appeared in the mass media, although the development of the media as television, newspapers, subject to the influence of a certain impact, but still a very important day One of the advertising media.
(a) the type of media newspaper newspapers
large number of different characteristics can be divided according to different types.
1. according to the different distribution and coverage, newspapers can be divided for the national newspaper and local newspapers.
national newspapers for national distribution, publishes the contents of the national general interest readers, the general circulation of the larger;
mainly for the local newspaper issued a city or region, publishes with the local social life is closely related to the contents of the general circulation is relatively small.
2. in accordance with the publication cycle of the different papers can be divided into the Journal Newspapers, Journal Newspapers Tuesday, Wednesday Journal newspaper on Thursday Journal newspaper and so on.
3. in accordance with the publication of the different time, newspapers can be divided into Morning Post, Daily News, Evening News, weekend edition of the newspaper.
Morning Post, the city is generally local newspaper, the main issue for the local people, published in the morning, published the day before the main news and local content is closely related to people's lives.
Evening major issue for local people. a small amount of a long history, relatively large influence on both subscription and the Evening News in the national retail, Evening in the afternoon publication, published the same day with local news and the content of life of the people close to the family-based readers.
Daily general release in the morning, a local daily newspaper, also has a national daily newspaper. local daily newspaper is generally the main local newspaper. Daily The day before the main news published.
edit a variety of special weekend edition of the newspaper can be in the weekend issue, the content more relaxed and lively, more readable, reading rate is normally higher.
4. in accordance with the contents of the different newspapers can be divided into political newspaper, newspaper economics, life service class newspapers, sports newspapers, trade newspapers.
political newspaper based in political news, and and the economic, cultural and social life and so rich in content the reader a wide range;
economics major newspapers to business people as readers, published economic news, discussion of economic issues, comprehensive economic newspaper covering all aspects of economic life, economic newspapers focus on professional financial, securities, investment, all aspects of business management.
Lifestyle major newspapers published the contents of the service of life, attention at home, food, clothing, fashion, entertainment and various life topics, content, relaxed and lively, with strong guidance of life. With improvement of living standards and the growing concern about the quality of life, life service class newspaper with a gradual increase.
sports newspapers to sports news, sports events and sports arrangements and other content-based results of reviews often have many very loyal readers.
industry newspaper publishes an industry news, trends, policies and other aspects, the reader is generally people in the industry, readers concerned about the high readership is relatively stable.
off and four newspapers generally use On two pages, there are two kinds of black and white and color printing, Living Newspaper general use four open layout, color printing, four other newspapers to use more open layout, some pages black and white printing, color printing some of the space.
as a whole increasing the amount of information society, information needs of the audience continues to increase, demand for improved quality of life, the newspaper appeared in the media following the development of a clear trend:
one layout increased continuously enrich the content. After Since reform and opening times extended version of the newspaper boom, most of the newspapers has reached a dozen version, a small number of service class life has reached dozens of newspaper version, and even the 100 version, published in the content, but also richer.
Second Newspaper increased service class urban life, the content covers almost all aspects of urban life and details.
third volume of newspapers, so the newspaper office is no longer just a medium.
(b) of the newspaper media propagation characteristics of the visual media
newspaper, by printing text on paper in the plane, pictures, colors, layout and other symbols to transmit information, the use of visual for people to read. This is the greatest feature of the newspaper media, compared with other media The most distinct characteristic differences, other features are the basis of this feature.
strong preservation of newspapers, information fixed-lasting, can be retained and repeated reading, widely circulated.
the preservation of strong, durable fixed information, can be repeatedly read, so the newspaper is interpreted medium for conveying depth information.
selective newspaper readers, read the order, time, location, speed, levels of detail by the reader to decide.
regional newspapers fixed, circulation and stability, to ensure that the expected arrival rate of information.
(c) the characteristics of media audiences newspapers
strong regional newspaper audience and the relative concentration of: a media release newspapers, always in a relatively within a fixed area, thus showing a strong regional audience and the relative concentration of the state.
audience to receive information in the driving position: the audience will be free to choose the newspaper reading time and reading sections.
audience in focus receive status: Because the press access to the audience the visual, the audience can not read at the same time in other activities, so in a more relaxed state of focus of the receiver.
to form a stable audience: newspapers and the media each have relatively fixed subscribers and buyers, and because of the relative stability of the positioning of the press, of information of a higher degree of audience will care about the long-term, repeatedly choose the same one newspaper, so the audience of newspapers is relatively stable.
the newspaper With text communication, asking readers to be educated, and limited readership.
newspaper publishing time, it is easy to make the newspaper as part of the law of public life.
(d) of the main types of newspaper ads and layout specifications < br> Just as there are different types of paper, like newspaper ads have different types, such as display ads, inserts ads and classified ads.
display ads.
advertisers rely mainly on display ads, newspaper display ads ( Display Advertising) components using standard print ads - title, text, often have illustrations - make their own news content and the formation of different newspapers. display advertising is an important form of joint advertising, cooperative advertising (Co-op Advertising ), if the local dealer in the ad highlights the manufacturer's brand, then, manufacturers have to pay part of the media costs. joint advertising can also be launched nationwide. Intel annual subsidies to those in their ad performance ; Intel Inside There are two forms of advertising inserts, one is pre-printed inserts (Preprinted Insert), is printed entirely in advance, you can clip right into the newspaper ads; the other is stand-alone insert (Free-standing Insert, referred to as FSI), reduction by a variety of merchandise with coupons, usually issued together with the Sunday supplements.
classified advertising.
classified ads (Classified Advertising) means by category - such as sporting goods, jobs and cars - in the form of text messages newspaper ads. many classified ads published by individuals, but real estate companies, auto dealers and construction companies also publish classified ads.
newspaper media commercials, generally full-page, half-, quarter version, banner, double-pass bar, half-banner, such as several layout specifications. through bar is across the entire width of newspapers, a high altitude is one-fifth of newspapers, newspapers can be divided into five full-page banner, banner for the double two-pass column height, version of a banner was a banner the width of the half. classifieds specifications generally bar / cm or purely cm calculation. In addition, the newspaper still in the seam, to the eye, and other special advertising position. reported eye located in the upper right corner of the front page with the header corresponding to the position, is the most eye-catching ad spaces, specifications generally slightly less than half banner, the price is higher than half banner.
(e) newspaper as an advertising medium of the advantages and disadvantages
newspaper propagation characteristics and determine the characteristics of the audience to receive the newspaper as an advertising medium has some advantages, but also has some disadvantages.
1. the advantages of newspapers as an advertising medium:
geographically targeted.
the United States Daily all towns that advertisers can reach the geographic scope of a clear target audience, some newspapers are trying to release cell version, aimed at the market with a big city. for the narrow geographical range, distribution range for the region's businessmen are usually used Community Edition, while national advertising carriers can also use these papers to the delivery of free samples of these small areas.
timeliness.
in all mainstream media, newspapers are one of the most timely media, due to the production standard newspaper ads and daily the short time required for publishing content, so the newspaper can make the ads in a timely manner to reach their target audience, but this does not mean that we must arrive in days, newspaper ads with the major basis for special events or social special events. < br> Creative opportunities.
Although the scope for creativity as newspapers radio and television media so much, but the newspaper is to give advertisers the opportunity to provide important ideas. Since the layout of the newspaper is relatively large, relatively cheap, so advertisers can use relatively low cost to the target audience to pass a lot of information, for those characteristics of complex, diverse, long and detailed copy needs to be expressed clearly in terms of products and services, it is very important. Many newspapers trying to develop a special version for the advertising targeted approach to improve their goal.
reputation.
So far, newspapers can still use it on the newspaper's view: social image of most newspapers, as advertising has created an enabling environment.
audience interest.
newspaper readers are reading the information of their interest. keep at the newspaper readers are more interested in the faithful readers, many newspaper readers specifically look at the local shop to buy on sale what is commodities, which gives local distributors to create an ideal environment.
costs.
from in terms of both production and layout, newspaper belong to low-cost media, newspapers, contact with the unit cost may be higher than the television and radio, but even relatively small advertising budget, but also enough to pay the cost of publishing the absolute black and white ads.
2. newspapers as an advertising medium disadvantages:
Life is short
as the majority of daily newspapers, issuing frequent, many newspapers the next day readers will no longer be concerned about, it is easy to be discarded, so the media and magazines than read the newspaper ad is less likely to repeatedly to remind the relatively small role.
creative limitations of the lack of magazine ads
fine newspaper, the lack of vivid television advertisements is difficult to fully demonstrate the product's physical characteristics and dynamic, appealing and attractive to small. newspapers to use more newsprint printing, printing effect is not beautiful, it is not suitable for display exquisite luxurious, colorful ads for products.
by readers of the same selectivity as the reader, the reader may choose not to read ads. As readers Culture level and limited distribution channels newspaper, newspaper readership is very limited in rural areas, rural areas are not suitable for the majority of the ads published.
poor reproducibility
often only one of the newspaper published an advertisement in a unified enterprise, and broadcast and than television ads are not effective in one day repeat reminder as radio and television media.
subdivision limitations
While newspapers with better targeted geographically, but it is the ability to target specific audiences stop here , newspaper circulation is too general and includes a variety of economic conditions, social class and demographic characteristics of the audience, can not be separated from specific targets. In some pages of advertising is difficult to target audience, gender, and even made such efforts, there will not be any results. Some of the feature pages of newspapers are being developed to enhance their ability to breakdown.
chaotic environment in the same newspaper often published on the same page multiple ads, so Advertising can be read by the greater impact of other advertising. Moreover, the newspaper rich content, min version of schedule, the full title, subtitle, pictures, and announcements, not to mention the news reported. Advertising is often placed in secondary pages, the reader concerned relatively low degree of advertising easier to ignore. This gives advertisers face a very messy environment, worse, the same type of products, advertisers have always wanted to use the same layout to reach target audiences.
tool list -10: Mainland China's media profile
two newspapers magazines and newspapers media
Media Magazine as the media, but also a long history of mass media.
(a) the type of media magazine magazines media has
different classification criteria:
in accordance with the publication cycle of the different magazines can be divided into weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly.
magazine's publication cycle is shorter, the timeliness of the content of the stronger, the longer publication cycle, timeliness for the worse.
according to the different readers, magazines and general magazines and objects can be divided into journals.
general magazines are defined by their indiscriminate targeting of ordinary readers of magazines; < br> object of the magazine is based on common characteristics with the readers of a magazine for the object. the object of the magazine also covers the general object of the two types of magazines and professional journals. the general object of the magazine focused on gender or age of the readers, women's magazines, old magazines, youth magazines, etc.; professional magazine for the professional or occupation-specific readers, such as Entrepreneur magazine, medical journals and so on. flight magazine is a special object of the magazine, it issued by the airline to the passengers as the main audience. Compared with the general magazines, journals have a more stable target readership.
in accordance with the contents of the different magazines can be divided into news magazines, financial magazines, business magazines, family magazines, sports magazines , travel and leisure magazines, fashion magazines, music magazines, television and magazines.
news magazine - the news and current affairs as its main content;
financial magazine - the economic, commercial, financial, finance as the main content;
Management Magazine - the business as its main content;
family magazines - to family life as the main content;
sports magazine - the sport as the main content;
travel and leisure magazine - Travel leisure as the main content;
fashion magazine - the clothes, makeup, fashion items as the main content;
Music Magazine - The main content of human music and music magazines;
video magazine - the Movie Star as the main content and so on.
issued in accordance with the scope, magazine and can be divided into international magazines, national magazines, regional magazines.
some famous fashion magazine, is an international magazine.
most of the magazine is a national magazine.
some of the magazine decided it can only be issued in a given region, known as regional magazines.
magazine usually color printing, there are 32 open format, open big 32, 16 open, large 16 open, 8 to open and so are several, of which 16 are international popular open format specifications.
with the printing technology, consumption levels increase, the development of information dissemination, development of the media magazine show the following several trends:
First, more and more sophisticated materials, printing more and more beautiful, there has been a large number of full-color printing coated paper, , the general object of the magazine has developed rapidly;
Third, the rapid development of lifestyle magazines, but also cultivate a large number of stable readers.
these new trends, have contributed to the magazine advertisers, media selection and use.
(b) of the propagation characteristics of the media magazine magazines media and newspaper media
same print media, the propagation characteristics have much in common:
magazine is the visual media, by printing text on paper in the plane , pictures, colors, layout and other symbols to transmit information.
magazine to save the mass media in a variety of the strongest, most durable of information, you can keep a long time, repeated reading, widely circulated. Among them, the magazine's publication of the longer period , the longer the preservation magazine.
strong as preservation, information fixed-lasting, can be read and reread, interpreted the magazine is the media for conveying depth information.
selective magazine readers. read the order, time, location, speed, levels of detail by the reader to decide.
regional fixed magazine, circulation and stability, to ensure that information is expected to reach.
(c) the characteristics of media audiences
magazine magazine audience generally have a stable subscription and buying habits, very stable readership.
readers at the time of active status, will be free to choose the reading time and reading sections.
readers are very focused and the audience's visual access to the magazine The audience can not read at the same time in other activities, so the magazine's readers for the information in a more relaxed state of focus of the receiver.
audience on a very high degree of concern the content, the same print media, many newspaper readers browse in reading, but the magazine is very careful readers.
word spread through the magazine, asking readers to be educated, and limited readership.
magazine publishing time, it is easy to read, as readers of the law of life part.
(d) magazine ad slots, layout specifications and purchase
magazines usually provide the inside front cover (the back cover), Inside Back Cover (back cover on the back), back cover, inside pages of advertising slots, Advertising layout specifications, usually full-page, half-, half version, a quarter version, sixth edition, such as several, inside front, inside back cover, back cover is generally published in full-page ad, inside page ad you can include different specifications.
magazine page with a fixed binding order, and can not move, so the magazine's ad spaces are often directly affects the rate advertising attention, but also directly affect the advertised price. In general, the highest price back , the second closure, inside back cover again, the lowest price inside slots.
each magazine has a price list, indicating the full page, half-page, two columns, one column and half the price column, while also marked black and white, color overlay, and the price of color printing, and newspapers, as the magazine is the magazine's price list has been standard pricing method. But in recent years, more and more advertisers, the magazine is willing to consult with the price and quantities to give advertisers a significant discount. In addition to the standard price, the magazine also bleeding Edition (Bleed Page) extra charge. The so-called bleeding version of the background color of the ads has been extended to the edge of the layout to replace the Standard white edge. leaflet advertising (Gatefold Ads) is a wide advertising, these ads have to pay an additional fee, advertisers often use high-end folding inside front cover magazine.
when buying magazine layout Advertisers must make trade-offs in the layout position, if the purchase Press optional position, your ad may appear anywhere in the magazine and let the Press disposal, but advertisers can also buy optional position, such as: Cover (First Cover Page), inside front cover (Second Cover page), Cover (Third Cover page) and back (Fourth Cover Page). If advertisers plan to buy cross-page ad (Double-page Spreads), which spans two pages ads, then advertisers should be noted that the mouth must not set the title or body of the arrangement, because this is the magazine folded seams.
magazine layout requires advertisers to buy a few strict compliance with regulations, and pay attention to several key dates . Layout Contract (Space Contract) provides advertisers in the given period the price of a magazine advertising; layout known as insertion orders notice was commissioned by the magazine advertisers in a magazine advertising the notice of the order usually layout with instructions to the production of advertising. Advertisers should note the following dates:
deadline of (Closing Date): the preparation of advertising material published in the magazine to be delivered to date.
Release Date (On-sale Date) : the magazine of the magazine sent to subscribers or newsstand date, most of the magazine's issue date is significantly earlier than the date of the cover.
cover date (Cover Date): the date of publication of the magazine printed.
( e) magazine as an advertising medium of the strengths and weaknesses
1. Journal of the advantages as an advertising medium
in the four media, magazines seems to be using less of the advertising medium, but its propagation characteristics, audience characteristics of the decision the magazine is a highly effective advertising medium. Many analysts believe that in many ways, magazines and even radio and television media is also advantageous over.
targeted audience.
and other media - print or broadcast television - - compared to a fixed magazine with more editorial direction, read more fixed and certain demographic characteristics, can be for advertisers to provide a clear choice direction, and then targeting the ability of highly segmented audience. This sub-population to sub- statistical characteristics, lifestyle or special interest as the basis. Audience Segmentation can be down to the very narrow range, can also span a variety of broad interest to the group. magazine also has a geographic specific, such as the events occurred in most areas reported focus of the magazine. In addition, large national magazines, so advertisers can also choose different versions, such as the United States, Better Home & Gardens 85 different versions.
audience interest.
perhaps, relative to other media ratio, the magazine is attractive because of their content and audience, while television can also be points of interest to attract audiences, but the magazine's audience, but it will voluntarily read the ads. readers focus on serious, strong persuasive advertising. people who play golf naturally have the kind of propaganda in Golf Digest interested in golf equipment, and automotive enthusiasts will be published in Car and Driver that the ads are very attractive vehicle accessories.
creative opportunities.
magazine to advertisers to provide a broad creative space, the magazine ad size can make the changes happen, you can use colors, use of white space, can maintain the audience's interest, therefore, it offers advertisers an environment conducive to creativity. In addition, because most of the magazine paper quality is very good, and therefore the effect of color reproduction is also very good for high-care goods and fine degree of commercial advertising. This is a magazine and a creative edge. In order to further expand the magazine's creative space, and some advertisers also tried a variety of other creative skills, such as: automatic pop-up ads, advertising friction San taste with perfume ads section, and even with a tiny computer chip that can play music or flashing lights advertising.
long life.
Some magazines Journal readers will preserve a one up, which means, and various newspapers and magazines can be read after a week or a month, some magazine readers will long retained for future reference. magazine In addition to long-life exposure can increase the chance of my readers, but also can increase the number of secondary readers. Many magazines now are better revenue and readership.
magazine layout as small, few arrangements for multiple ads, advertising is not vulnerable to the impact of other advertising.
interpretative media, for advertisements published in the complex information, advertising information and explain the instructions fully.
selective as readers, so comparisons are not as easy as radio and television audience generated on the ads that appear suddenly reverse psychology.
Readers higher level of education, strong purchasing power.
magazines feature focused, clear and suitable for appealing to a very focused ad.
2. magazine as disadvantages of advertising media:
magazine disadvantage with their arrival is too targeted and magazines related to the growth itself.
reach and frequency limitations of the magazine said before
advantage of actually targeted but also to the magazine brings some limitations, by the more detailed sub-groups, magazines reach total audiences less. As the magazine publishing period of one month or two weeks, therefore, difficult to advertisers with a magazines to frequent appearance of the results. To overcome this limitation, advertisers often take advantage of several magazines aimed at the same goal. magazine readers have limited level of education, while higher prices of magazines, as well as restrictions on distribution channels, not for advertising in rural areas.
not like newspapers magazines clutter
crowded so messy, but they are also very poor information transmission environment. general magazine articles on politics and general entertainment content from the composition, generally formed by advertising, but some professional magazine advertising content actually as high as 80%. This will make the advertising component of the natural audience for small groups to face direct competition between brands. In addition to overcrowding in this mess, the magazine recently encountered another form of clutter crowding: Once a new market, soon there will be a number of advertising may be ignored.
advertising effectiveness advertising effects
uneven uneven, the back cover, inside front cover, back cover advertising and special ad inserts easier to draw attention to the other pages of advertising can easily be ignored, Add black and white in color advertising page ads can easily be ignored.
magazine asked for a long time advertisers in the magazine sent 90 days before the ad, if advertisers miss the turnaround period, then the next Advertising may be delayed for a whole month. Moreover, once sent to magazine advertising, in that 90 days would not be able to make any changes, even if there was a major event, communication environment has changed, and advertising material can not be changed.
cost Although the magazine unit
cost is not, as some media exposure (especially direct mail) so high, but higher than most newspapers, but also many times higher than the radio and television. put an insert in the magazine and sometimes the absolute cost people can not afford to be high. And, because of limited magazine, circulation rate, less direct subscribers, in particular a number of professional journals, it is difficult to grasp the reader's case, the relative increase of the advertising cost per thousand.
poor reproducibility
often only the same issue of the magazine published an advertisement in a unified enterprise, compared with radio and television, advertising can not be valid in one day repeat reminder as radio and television media.
(six ) magazine's future
in the past 10-15 years, the magazine has experienced Huqihuluo history. Currently, the magazine has increased revenue and pages, and advertisers, the magazine also found very suitable for their present strengths needs. future of magazines as an advertising medium are mainly two factors:
first, and other media like magazines must decide how to adapt to the new media environment. Journal of the number of forms has several advantages: First, Publishers can access the electronic form to a different sub-groups, namely, a group well known to readers of the network; Secondly, because there is no paper costs, greatly reduce the cost issue, so publishers can achieve low cost; again, some advertisers may will find the digital version does not print the ads so much, and thus more conducive to advertising.
from the perspective of readers, readers can easily through their own personal computer access to digital magazines, then through a standard keyword search means the reader can browse the paper. for environmentalists, the digital magazine without recycling. Finally, for those who have always dealing with the computer or Internet content magazine readers, the digital magazine is the best, the most popular magazine form.
Some analysts believe that online advertising if you want to be successful, must have affinity to be interactive, educational or recreational. In fact proved feasible before publishing online magazine, advertisers will continue to use traditional media forms.
affect the future of the magazine The second factor is the magazine between the mergers and acquisitions. In recent years, the magazine industry happens every year a dozen mergers and takeovers, the buyer tried to get two kinds of benefits from the acquisition: scale traditional print publications and new media outlets.
tool list -11: Mainland China magazine media profile
three broadcast media broadcast by radio or wire transmission time to vast areas of voice, images mass media programs. only broadcast sound, known as said The advertisers, broadcasting has become one of their media plans necessary ingredients. Why all walks of life regard the broadcast as advertisers to reach target audiences by means of which one must have reason, now let us look at What are the different advertisers can use the broadcast media.
(a) of the broadcast media in accordance with the type of
the different modes of transmission, broadcasting can be divided into cable broadcasting and radio broadcasting.
wire or cable through the optical fiber radio The distribution network consisting of wired transmission, the radio signals transmitted directly to the user's regional radio receiving equipment.
radio waves transmitted by radio broadcasts programs.
cable broadcasting, mainly in rural areas and small towns, Communication is limited. advertising medium currently used mainly radio broadcast.
in accordance with the modulation of different ways, can be divided into FM radio and AM radio broadcasting.
according to the wavelength used can be divided into long-wave radio, AM radio, shortwave radio, FM broadcasting.
competition because the mass media, audience interest in the differentiation, Broadcast is a specialized trend. professional radio audience in certain aspects to provide specialized services to a specific range of content . At present there is a professional radio news station, education units, Sports, Arts Desk, music station, transport units, desk and so on. As specific content of programs broadcast, professional radio generally has a stable audience, audience interest is relatively fixed.
(b) the propagation characteristics of the broadcast media is hearing
broadcast media: the use of sound symbols to sound language as the main means of communication, access to human hearing, which is broadcasting the most fundamental features. a human voice telling things, to convey emotion, extremely rich, real and believable. You can also increase the use of music and sound sense of the scene shows that the three-dimensional sense, spatial sense, situational, it has strong appeal.
velocity fast, time-sensitive: the content broadcast by radio transmission, 300,000 kilometers per second, broadcast voice and the audience hear the sound is almost synchronous. production, transport, receive a simple, timely, living first in a variety of mass media.
a wide range of communication: the transmission of radio waves from space distance, geography, weather, traffic, natural disasters and other factors, so the communication range widely over the print media.
broad audience: the public's listening is not the time space, audience and cultural ...
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